Chapter 2- Expansion of British Power (1620-1763)

Although there was great opportunity in the new world what drew people to the americas was the —- —— in Europe at the time

poor conditions

Europe was torn by —- —— that broke out shortly after ———. During this time everyone in Europe was —— ——-. Conflict arose when some began to —— the church.

religious strife, Columbus, roman catholic, question

*——- ——- and —— ——- were two leaders who broke out against religious organizations. Roman catholics reffered to this time as the —— ——. which was not just a battle of words but —— were fought and thousands were killed in battle or —— at the stake

martin luther, john calvin, protestant reformation, wars, burned

King —— the —— established the —— —- —— or often reffered to as the —— ——. He himself then became head of this church and forced all citizens of —— to belong to it. This led many to insist on their right to —— as they always had and many of its critics thought it was too alike to the —— —- —-.

henry, 8th, church of england, Anglican church, england, worship, roman catholic church

There were two types of critics of the Anglican church the ——- who just wanted to simplify the Anglican church and the ——- who were more bold and defied the kings law by refusing to attend church or pay taxes to support it. They also broke away and formed their own —- ———.

puritans, separatists, religious organizations

Life was bad for —- ——- they were fined sent to jail and persucuted, so they left England to find —— —— in the new world as time passed this was common in other —— not just England

religious dissenters, religious freedom, countries

King —- the —- believed in the —- —- —- —— which said that he was responsible only to god and not to any earthly power this belief clashed hard with —— the law making body of England and many political —— arose. King —- the —- made these problems worse by intensifying this disput he ruled england —- —— and pulnged the country into a civil war called the —- —— which did not end until —— when king charles was beheaded. ——- ——- lead a group of —— over england until his death in ——- this was the time were most people fled to the —— ——.

james, 1st, divine right of kings, parliament, problems, charles, 1st, without parliament, puritan revolution, 1649 Oliver Cromwell, puritans, 1658, new world

Due to —— increased wealth there was lots of —- within Europe. —— prices began to rise quickly so land owners decided to let go of their —— ——- and cleared land to raise sheep. These farmers were then displaced into —— —— where they agreed to work for around —- to —- years without pay in return for ——- to America

spain’s, inflation, wool, tenant farmers, indentured servitude , 2, 7, transportation

*—— ——- —— and ——- actually prospered from the economic changes in England and as they fortunes grew they decided to invest in —— —- ——.

merchants, landowners, traders, manufacturers, joint stock companies

On November, 11th, 1620 —— passengers on a ship called the ——- landed in ——- ——-, many of them were —— who refused the Church of England

102, Mayflower, Provenance, Massachusetts, separatists

Many separatists had been living in the ——— since the —— allowed them to —— freely. Didn’t want their —— growing up with the culture so they moved to the —- —— there people are now know as the ——-.

Netherlands, Dutch, worship, kids, new world, Pilgrims

The —— —— granted the Pilgrims a grant of land in ——- but storms blew the Mayflower off course to the —— —— ——. Here there were two problems: the Pilgrims had no —— to the land, and they had no plans for ——-.

London Company, Virginia, new england coast, right, governemnt

The pilgrim leaders gathered in a cabin where they write and signed the ——- ——. which they agreed to —— by. This was indented to meet the ——- of having no government, it did not pledge the Pilgrims to establish a ——— way of living and represented a important step toward —— —— in the new world.

mayflower compact, abide, emergency, democratic, self government

The Pilgrims decided to settle on the southwestern shore of —— —- —— known was ——- before the settlers there were many Indians living here who were wiped out leaving lots of —— ——-. This area had good field space and —— ——-.

cape cod bay, Plymouth, clear farmland, fresh water

The Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth in ——- and almost half of them ——- however they wanted —— —— so badly that not a single one left when the ——— returned to Europe.

December, died, religious freedom, mayflower

Those Pilgrims who had survived the —— in Plymouth wouldn’t of made it without the help of an Indian named ——-. He taught them how to use the resources of the —-, —- and ——. He gave them seeds for native plants like corn, ——, beans and squash. In that autumn they set aside many days of celebration for ———.

winter, Squanto, forest, sea, soil, pumpkin, thanksgiving

The settlers in the Plymouth company established —— and were able to repay the —— ——-. They then tried to attract new ——- but —— and then under a new charter several years later became apart of the ——- —— ——-.

trade, London Company, settlers, failed, Massachusetts bay colony

The —— of the MBC also moved to the new world for religious freedom. When king —- the 1st refused their requests two leaders got a charter to organize the MBC their names were ——- ——— and —— —— ———. Since the king didn’t put a location on the charter they moved their company to the —- ——.

puritans, Charles, John Winthrop, sir Richard Saltonstall, new world

later the MBC became a —— ——- colony almost independent from the King and parliament. The colony was thriving and beginning to ——-. Brought in lots of ——- workers and graduates from top —— ——— (oxford, Cambridge).

self governing, grow, trained, English universities

The puritans wanted to establish a —— ——- which would include scriptures that guided every aspect of ——. to make sure their settlers would remain true puritan believers they required everyone to attend the —— version of the —— —— ——.

bible commonwealth, life, puritan, church of england

The —- —- was the law making body of the Massachusetts company but only owners of —— were allowed to be apart of the gov. This caused many to rebel from the start they wanted to ——- in gov. —— —— was the first governor of the MBC and him and other leaders had to ——- their control. They then allowed all —— —- who were good —- goers to vote. They also allowed each town to send ——- to the general court. This was a very early for of ——— ——-.

general court, stock, participate, john Winthrop, loosen, puritan men, church, representatives, representative government

Even though the puritans came for —— —— they forced all who didn’t worship like them to leave the ——-. other colonists left to find better ——- and greater ——-. These exiles set up new ——- in New England.

religious freedom, MBC, farmland, opportunities, colonies

*——- —— was a deeply religious man he was a pastor and alarmed the —— leaders with his three main ideas that the colonists had no —— to the land unless they paid the ——- for it, that political leaders have no authority over ——- and that individuals had the right to worship god however their ——— directed them to. The leaders then —— him back to England but he escaped and fled to the —— ——-. He lived with them for several years but then founded ——- with a few of his friends.

Roger Williams, MBC, right, Indians, religion, conscience, exiled, Narragansett Indians, providence

*—— —— was an —- from Massachusetts she was a member of a —- family, and a follower of the bible but she went against the —— —— she was exiled and founded a settlement with her —- in ——- Rhode island.

Anne Hutchinson, exile, providence, puritan beliefs, husband, Portsmouth

Rhode Island was formed by —— —— after he secured a charter from English parliament. Here all adult —— had the right to vote, but later the charter required only men who owned a certain amt. of ——— could vote. Even with this restriction it offered more —— than any other colony in —— ——-.

Roger Williams, men, property, freedom, New England

*——- sprang from the older colony of Massachusetts but here the members were not ——- but were ——- who moved out to the ——- in search of greater opportunity for themselves and their families.

Connecticut, exiles, pioneers, frontier

*—— —— and nearly all the members of his church decided to move ——- on the ——- and finally settled in ——-.

Thomas hooker, further, frontier, Hartford

The three settlements of ——, —— and —— joined together to adopt a plan of government known as the ——- ——- of ———

Windsor, Hartford, Weathersfield, fundamental orders, Connecticut

King —— the —— established a charter that did three important things for Connecticut: he extended the ——- of the colony to include settlements along long island including —— ——-, he gave the settlers the right to ——- ——-, and this plan of government served so well they ——- it after the ——— ——-.

Charles, 2nd, boundaries, new haven, govern themselves, kept, revolutionary war

two men —— ——- and —— —— ——- were given permission to settle the land of both New Hampshire and Maine, they then decided to split the land between them with —— taking the south and ——- taking the north. Many people began to settle here and the —— authorities took notice so they claimed this land for ———-. later —— ——- broke away when king Charles wrote a charter making it a —— ——. Maine only broke away when they entered the —— as a separate state.

John mason, sir Ferdinando gorges, mason, gorges, puritan, Massachusetts, new Hampshire, royal colony, union

By 1635 the —— Indians realized that the settlers threatened their way of life and their ——. Tensions the began to grown btw. the Indians and the settlers, the —- —- then broke out and the Indians were ——- those who survived lead another war known as —- —— —— again they were defeated, those surviving were bitter and later allied with the ——- and raided new England villages.

Pequot, survival, pequot war, defeated, king Philip’s war, French

Although all the colonies were —— and had their own government they developed along the same lines since they shared similar —— most of the settlers came from —— and ——-. However —— —— could be found in all the New England colonies.

independent, origins, England, Scotland, black slaves

Towns and cities had been built all around the harbor of the —— —- —— the largest being ——. all the sea port towns were ——- areas and the land inland was dotted with small ——-.

new england coast, boston, thriving, villages

There was only small farmers in New England due to three factors ——, ——-, and ——-. Many communities were started by friends who went to the same ——. These communities were carefully planned and usually included a ——, nearby ———, land adjoining the common for ——- and land for the —— ——. any surpus land was held by original settlers for ——- to newcomers. Villages had to be compact so everyone had access to a —— which was a building built to whitstand the conflict with nearby ——-. The —— area also keep them from clearing large plots of ——.

religion, indians, geography, church, common, farmland, houses, meeting house, sale, blockhouse, indians, hilly, farmland

*——-: central area of a community

common

*—— ——-: land where the church is located

meeting house

*—— ——- was an English subject sailing for the —— —- —— company he explored the —— —— and eventually traveled to —— ——-.

Henry Hudson, Dutch east India, Hudson river, new jersey

Because the Dutch got such good reports from the voyages to —— ——-. They then established the —— —— —— ——-. The charter for this company granted them two things —— over —— and all the —— in the new world. This charter conflicted with the one given to the ——- ——-.

New Jersey, Dutch west India company, control, trade, colonies, London company

The Dutch west India company acted promptly to control trade over the entire —- —— —— they called the land they claimed —— ——-. They then built a —— on the lower tip of —— —— where they started the settlement of —— ——-, which is New York city today, the Dutch established forts and trading posts in three main other areas: the —- —— by Albany, the —— —— by Hartford and the —— —— below Philadelphia.

mid Atlantic coast, New Netherland, for, Manhattan Island, New Amsterdam, Hudson river, Connecticut River, Delaware River

The Dutch West India Company offered huge land —— to all members who would settle at least —- tenant —— on their estates within —— years. The members who accepted this offer were known as ——-.

grants, 50, farmers, 4, patroons

Most free men and women who were moving to America refused to live on a —— ——. As a result the Dutch west India company introduced —— into the colony. some patroons used —- —— to cultivate their estates.

patroon’s estate, slavery, African slaves

new Netherland grew very —- it never had more than 10,000 inhabitants under the —— ——-. Most settlers lived in the settlement of —— ——. Most people came from —- and ——-.

slowly, companies control, New Amsterdam, Europe, Africa

*——- —— ——: was a land owner from —— —— she was warned that her religious vies didn’t align with the ——- so she received patents from —— officials for a self-governing community on —— ——-. She was a good leader who paid the ——- for land and planned her ——- ——, and maintained —— ——-.

Lady Deborah Moods, Salem Massachusetts, puritans, Dutch, long island, Indians, community well, religious freedom

The —— posed a threat to the English colonies from their base in —- —— their warships could strike the new England ships. The Dutch also controlled the trade of three vital rivers, ——-, —— and ——-. later the dutch even seized an area called —— ——-. Because they controlled the Hudson the ——— indians were friendly with the dutch and brought them —— ——-. dutch and english explorations were getting very close to — —. The english formed the —— —— ——- which was the joint ——- forces of ——-, ——-, —— and —— ——-. an english ship sailed into the ——- to address the conflict and the dutch ——- put down their flag and ——-.

Dutch, new Amsterdam, Hudson, Connecticut, Delaware, new Sweden, Iroquois, fur trade, each other, new England confederation, military, Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, new haven, Hudson, immediatly, left

*—— ——-: the dutch governor who immediately surrendered to the powerful english forces

Peter Stuyvesant

After conquering the Dutch King —— the —— presented all that territory to his brother —— the —- —- ——. This land was everything between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers and —- ——, the islands of —— and —- ——- and some of ——-.

Charles, 2nd, James, duke of york, long island, nantokite, martha’s vineyard, maine

The Duke of York gave —- —— to two of his good friends —- —- —— and —- —- ——. These two tried to attract new —— but failed. Eventually the king of —— -claimed new jersey as a —- ——.

new jersey, lord john Berkeley, sir george Carteret, settlers, new england, royal colony

The Duke of York had lots of —— in the New York he told his officials to treat the dutch with —— and ——-, he allowed the dutch to —- their own ——-, and he let them ——- in their own ——-. He was still a —— ruler thought and levied heavy —— without the consent of the people, he allowed them a voice in government for only —— years, and under his rule many more ——- were brough to the colonies.

interest, humility, kindness, speak, language, worship, churches, harsh, taxes, two, slaves

In 1685 the duke of york became —- —— the ——. In the next year he combined new york, new jersey, and the new england colonies under a new form of government called the ——- —- ——- ——-. he then abolished —— ——.

King James, 2nd, dominion of new england, representative government

*—— ——- —— was appointed as the governor of the ——- by King James

Sir edmund andros, dominion

The dominion only lasted —- years since both the colonists and the citizens of england were ——-. The colonists didn’t like their ——- and the citizens didn’t like james’s convserion to ——-

two, unhappy, governor, Catholicism

The —— ——- drove king james from the throne

glorious revolution

England adopted a bill of rights called the —— —- —- —— which included the right to —— ———.

English bill of rights, representative government

*—— and ——- of —— were the new king and queen of england after James they restored the —— —— and the ——- ——— in the colonies

William, Mary, orange, colonial charters, representative assemblies

*——- ——- had a rich royal dad who lent money to the king. When his dad died the king then owed him money. The king ——- have the money to give him so he asked for a ——- of ——- in the new world in which he would be the —— over.

william penn, didn’t grant, land, proprietor

William Penn wanted to call his land ——- but the king says no it must include penn in honnor of williams father.

Sylvania

A —— ——- has almost the same power over a colony that the king has over england

proprietary colony

PA didn’t have a coast line but that was ok since William got another grant for land by the —— ——-.

Delaware bay

William founded PA as a —— —— since he wanted people of all religons to try and live in —— there. To attract settlers he wrote a pamphlet explaining the colony in many ———.

holy experiment, harmony, languages

William promised the settlers of PA three things: —- ——-, ——— government, and —— ——

religious toleration, representative, cheap land

William Penn angered his father by joining a religious group known as the ——- —- —— or for short ——.

society of friends, quakers

When Penn returned to england when he was ill and then eventually died his wife —— kept the colonies running from overseas

Hannah

The Middle colonies were: ———, ———, —— —— and —— ——

Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, New Jersey

*——- was the largest and busiest sea port and —— —— was the second in the middle colonies. In these colonies people didn’t settle in small villages they actually established —- —— due to the rolling hills and produced food for themselves and surplus for ——. This is why the middle colonies became named the ——- of the new world. Not everyone was a farmer though others were —- ——, worked in —— and ——- glass, paper and textiles

Philadelphia, New York, large farms, sale, iron workers, shipyards, manufacturers

The middle colonies attracted those from all different nations and from the beginning were much more —— than any other colony

diverse

*—— —- ——- was the first lord of Baltimore he wanted maryland to be a refuge for —- ——- but with religious freedom for —— as well. After he gets the charter for land in —- he ——

sir george calvert, presecuted catholis, protestants, Virginia, dies

The second —- —- was calverts son he remained in england but appointed deputy ——- to act for him.

lord Baltimore, governors

The first settlers of Maryland sailed up the —— —— in winter. large ——- soon spread along the banks of maryland’s tide water rivers

Chesapeake bay, plantations

*—— ——- rivers draining into the ocean, but at high tide salt water is pushed upstream

tidewater rivers

*—- ——: the deputy governor of Maryland

Leonard Calvert

*—- ——: the business manager of Calvert, she demaned the right to ——, and a seat in the ——— which she was later then ——-.

Margaret Brent, vote, assembly, denied

As more ——- arrived in Maryland some of them threatened to take over the colony by force so solders from —— were sent but they weren’t getting paid so ——— decided to sell the proprietors —— and used that money to pay the troops.

protestants, Virginia, Margaret, cattle

The —- ——- of ——- was an attempt to prevent another crisis and lord Baltimore persuaded the legislative assembly to pass this law which said only those who believed in —- could settle in Maryland.

Toleration Act, 1649, jesus

King —— the —— granted a charter to —- english nobles to run carolina. The nobles had the help of —- ——- to create a plan of government for carolina.

charles, 2nd, 8, john locke

The plan for carolina had a rigid —- —— —— with normal colonist at the bottum and —— at the top since john locke was a strong beleiver in slavery —— weren’t even considered.

social class structure, nobles, africans

The plan for carolina was doomed to failure because of —— ——-. It ignored the conditions of the new world and the —— of the settlers split the colony as well.

geographic division, desires

North Carolina was settled mostly by —— from ——-. They earned their lving from the —— of the local forests and —- stores

pioneers, Virginia, lumber, naval

South Carolia had better —- —- and attracted those ——-. These settlers did four things: built ——, cleared the —-, grew ——, and raised —— to sell.

sea ports, overseas, cabins, land, food, tobacco

*—— ——-: sold products needed by the englands royal navy and its merchant ships

naval stores

*—— ——-: The sea port where many settlers of different religious faiths and nations passed through to homes in the new world (carolina)

charles town

The —— —— were —— fleeing from persecution in france

French Huguenots, protestants

*—- was a plant used to make dye

Indigo

*—- ——- Learned how to sucessfully grow indigo in carolina which became another important — —-

Eliza Lucas, cash crop

early colonist waged a continuing ——- for —— ——-, eventually the —— sold their rights to the king and then both north and south carolina became —— —— with a ——— ———

struggle, representative government, proprietors, royal colonies, representative assembly

The reason the king granted a charter for Georgia was to serve as a —- between the carolinas and —- ——-. and to be a place where —— released from English prison could start a new life

buffer, spanish florida, debtors

*—— —— was the leader of georiga’s founders and arrived with the first —— where they settled in ——- and each person recieved —- acres of free land.

James Oglethorpe, debtors, savannah, 50

Slavery was —— in Georgia but since not that many settlers wanted to work on plantations since there was so much —- —— slavery was eventually ——- so there was enough labor.

illegal, free land, legal

Two years after the founders established Georgia it was turned over to the king and became a —- ——-.

royal colony

The five southern colonies were: ———, ———, —— and —— ——-, and ——-

Virginia, Maryland, North, south carolina, Georgia

In maryland virginia and north carolina huge —— —— covered the rich lands along the tide water rivers.

tobacco plantations

In the south there were —- ——- of wealthy —— —— throughout the costal low lands

luxurious homes, rice planters

The two largest towns in the southern colonies where ——- and ——-

Charleston, Baltimore

Only a small amount of people in the south objectified on —— it was either —— or not and it just happened to be in that area

slavery, profitable

*—— —— ——- was the inland areas that laid back from the sea coast where most southern people lived

The back country

There was constant —— in the new world since many nations where establishing colonies those who were willing to sacrifice —— won the prize which was the ——-. —— was the main power with ——- colonies and control over the ———. Their main competition to the south was ——- who had just been weakened. But more strong to their west was ——- who had been strengthening their —— and naval ——.

warfare, blood, land, Britain, 13, Caribbean, Spain, French, military, power

The French had claims to land in north America due to the early explorers of —— and ———.

Verrazzano, Cartier

*—— —- ——- was the first French explorer to establish settlements in the new world which was at ——-. He also befriended the powerful —— and —— tribes

Samuel de Champlain, quebec, Huron, Algonquian

*—- —- was a Jesuit missionary and —— who was a French fur trader crossed the great lakes and paddled down the Mississippi river as far as the mouth of the Arkansas river

Father Marquette, Joliet

The French built —- —- near the mouth of the Mississippi river. Now the French controlled two major gateways into the heart of north America. By water they could now get in through —- —- or ——.

Noe Orleans, New Orleans, Quebec

Beyond the settled area of new France was a large forest. This forest drew many —— because of the —- resource. They were seen as very luxurious back in France and could be sold for —- ——. The French —- the Indians by having them hunt for —- and then trade it for the —— —- the Indians needed. This disrupted the Indians life since all able bodied Indians —- their villages and then the villages became dependent on the —- —- and less on hunting and farming for their livelihood. This Trade also drew Indians into —- ——. The Indians also competed against ——- for the best ——- ——-. The trade was good for France since it provided —— for many but also bad for them since —— ——- went to the forest and not to the colony leaving the colony ——. This weakness lead to the —- of Frances colonies

pioneers, fur, high prices, exploited, european goods, left, fur trade, colonial wars, eachother, hunting ground, money, strong settlers, weak, demise