Physiology and Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Vocabulary flashcards defining key physiological and pathophysiological terms, diabetes types, risk factors, management strategies, and secondary complications based on the lecture.

Physiology

The study of normal, healthy bodily functions and how a healthy body acts.

Pathophysiology

The study of what happens when normal bodily functions are disrupted or the body is pulled away from homeostasis.

Diabetes Mellitus

An example of pathophysiology where the body's negative feedback loop for regulating insulin and blood glucose is disrupted.

Type 1 Diabetes

A type of diabetes typically diagnosed up to the age of about 18 in which the pancreatic tissue that produces and secretes insulin is destroyed, leaving no insulin in the body.

Type 1 Diabetes Treatment

The required delivery of exogenous insulin into the body, often using an insulin pump to administer continuous small doses throughout the day.

Type 2 Diabetes

A common form of adult onset diabetes where the pancreas usually produces enough insulin, but the effector cells fail to recognize or respond to it, keeping blood glucose levels high.

Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors

Contributing factors including advancing age (especially into the 50s, 60s, and 70s), lifestyle habits such as lack of exercise and a high carb diet, and genetic background.

Pregnancy-associated Insulin Blocking

A condition during pregnancy where chemicals produced by the growing baby in the womb block the mother's cells from recognizing insulin, which dissipates after the baby is born.

Type 2 Diabetes Management

The process of controlling blood glucose levels primarily through lifestyle changes in diet and exercise, alongside prescribed medications when necessary.

Blood Glucose Monitor

A home device used by individuals with diabetes to track and monitor their blood glucose levels.

Secondary Complications of High Blood Glucose

Long-term health issues resulting from unmanaged high blood glucose, including damage to peripheral blood vessels and peripheral nerves, blindness, impaired wound healing, sepsis, and limb amputations.