bio

plants and some organisms use what to produce food

light energy from the sun

what obtains energy from consuming other organisms

heterotrophs

atp stands for

adenosine triphosphate

ATP is/has a chemical compound used by living things to

store energy

ATP has

adenosine (N-containing compound),ribose and 3 phosphate groups

ADP stands for

adenosine diphosphate

ADP has

only 2 phosphate groups

the cell can store small amounts of energy by

adding a phosphate group to ADP

ATP is like a

fully charged battery

energy stored in ATP is released when

ATP is broken down into ADP and phosphate

ATP is the basic energy source of

all cellular reactions

ATPs energy is used in many ways like

active transport-sodium potassium pump, and intracellular movement

gluclose can store how much more energy than ATP

90 times more

cells can regenerate ATP from ADP using the energy in

carbohydrates (gluclose) C6 H12 O6

photosynthesis is when

plants use energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbs

van helmonts experiment was

wondering if plants grew by taking material out of the soil, he measured the mass of the soil and a plant for 5 yrs, he determined that water contributed to the mass of the tree

priestlys experiment was

using a candle,bell jar, and a plant to show that plants released a substance (O2) that keeps the candle burning

ingenhouszs experiment was

him proving that priestlys experiment only worked when the plant was exposed to light (light is nessassary for plants to produce oxygen)

photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert

water and co2 into 02 and high energy sugars

in addition to water and carbon dioxide, plants require

light and chlorophyll

light energy

comes in the forms of waves or photons (pockets of light energy)

pigments are

light absorbing molecules used to gather the suns energy

chlorophyll

the plants principle pigment (chlorophyll a and b)

chlorophyll absorbs what two colors, which results in what color

chlorophyll absorbs red and blue, results in green color

plants also contain what pigments called what

red/orange pigments called carotenes

when chlorophyll absorbs light, the energy is transferred directly to

the electrons in the molecule to initiate the reactions

photosynthesis takes place where

inside of the chloroplasts

what are thylakoids

saclike membranes in the chloroplat arranged in stacks called grana

thylakoids contain

clusters of chlorophyll and photosystems to capture the energy from sunlight

what is stroma

the space in the chloroplasts outside of the thylakoid

there are two sets of reactions in the chloroplasts such as

light dependent reaction (thylakoid) and light independent reaction (stroma)

what accepts pairs of high energy electrons and transfers them and their energy to another molecule

carrier molecules

NADP+ does what

accepts and holds two high energy electrons and a H+ion, also converts NADP+ to NAPDH and energy from sunlight gets trapped in chemical form (not for sure abt the second half it was worded weird)

light dependant reactions require what and produce what

require light and produce oxygen gas

light dependant reactions convert what

ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH

pigments in what absorb light

photosystem ii

energy is absorbed by electrons which are passed through the what

electron transport chain (electrons also come from the splitting of water)

electrons move from what to what through the

photosystem ii to photosystem i through the electron transport chain

what in photosystem i use energy from light to what do what

pigments in photosystem i use energy from light to reenergize the electron

what picks up the high energy electrons outside the thylakoid membrane to become what

NADP+ picks up the high energy electrons outside the thylakoid membrane to become NADPH

ATP is made from energy in the

thylakoids ( inside the thylakoids becomes more positive and outside becomes more neg)

what allows H+ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane

ATP synthase

ATP synthase binds what to make what

binds ADP and a phosphate group to make ATP

what are factors that affect photosynthesis

amount of water, temp, and intensity of light

Calvin cycle (i dont know how to put this into questions)

a. light dependant reactions

b. discovered by melvin calvin

c. ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions produce high energy sugars

i) 6CO molecules enter the cycle and combine with 6-5 carbon molecules to make 12-3 carbon molecules

ii) the 12-3 carbon molecules are converted into higher energy forms- energy comes from ATP and electrons from NADPH

iii) two of the 3 carbon molecules are used to form 6 carbon compounds and other compounds

iv) the remaining 10-3 carbon molecules are converted back into 6-5 carbon sugars. they combine with new co2 molecules to start the cycle again

photosystem ii comes before photosystem i