bio 221 exam 2

cortex

controls memory, thought, and language.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

the body's command center, receiving, processing, and coordinating information from the body and external environment to enable thought, movement, sensation, and bodily functions. 

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

carries messages between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.

Cerebral Hemispheres

cognitive, motor, and sensory functions. 

Gyri and sulci

allowing large amounts of information to be processed by more nerve cells.

Longitudinal fissure

Separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing for communication and specialization between them

Central sulcus

integrating sensory feedback with motor commands. 

Cerebrum

initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature

Cerebellum

muscle control, including balance and movement.

Diencephalon

relays sensory and motor signals, regulates consciousness, and controls many other bodily functions. 

Thalamus

your body's information relay station

Hypothalamus

helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep.

Medulla Oblongata

helps control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure

Pons

handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

Midbrain

motor control, particularly eye movements and processing of vision and hearing

Postcentral Gyrus

processing sensory information like touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

Precentral Gyrus

initiating voluntary movement, acting as the primary motor cortex

Prefrontal Cortex

planning, decision-making, working memory, impulse control, attention regulation, and complex problem-solving

Frontal Lobe

voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions

Parietal lobe

processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other senses into a form you can use

Occipital Lobe

visual perception, including colour, form and motion

Temporal Lobe

processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory

Olfactory

the sense of smell, which allows you to perceive and identify odors

Optic

the process of using the eye to see, which involves the optic nerve transmitting visual information to the brain

Oculomotor

coordinated movements and control of the eyes.

Trochlear

controlling the movement of the superior oblique muscle in the eye

Trigeminal

provide sensation and movement to the face and head

Abducens; cranial nerve VI,

controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle in the eye; responsible for abducting (moving outward) the eye.