Histology V2 theory (lab 2)

What are the four primary tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.

How must specific tissues be named on the exam?

Use the full tissue name without extraneous words, such as simple columnar epithelial tissue.

What are the characteristics, functions, location, and classification of epithelial tissue?

Characteristics: cellular, polar, avascular, and regenerative. Functions: protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation. Location: covers internal and external surfaces, openings, and passageways. Classification: number of layers and cell shape. Simple means one layer; stratified means multiple layers. Squamous cells are flat, cuboidal cells have equal height and width, and columnar cells are taller than wide.

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Flattened cells create a short path for rapid diffusion. Found in the lungs, kidneys, and linings of blood vessels.

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Simple squamous epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?

Cuboidal cells allow passive transport, active absorption, and secretion. Found in kidney tubules and smaller ducts of exocrine glands.

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Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of simple columnar epithelial tissue?

Non-ciliated cells have microvilli for absorption and secretion and line the digestive tract. Ciliated cells move material and are found in the bronchi, uterus, and uterine tubes. Both may contain goblet cells that secrete mucins, which become mucus in water.

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Simple columnar epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Many layers provide mechanical protection and abrasion resistance. Found in the skin, mouth, esophagus, and vagina.

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Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue?

Usually has two layers that provide protection and transport secretions. Found in large ducts of mammary, salivary, and sweat glands.

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Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of stratified columnar epithelial tissue?

A very rare tissue that provides protection and secretion. Found in the male urethra and large ducts of exocrine glands.

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Stratified columnar epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue?

Provides secretion and propulsion of mucus. The ciliated type is found in the trachea, while the non-ciliated type is found in male ejaculatory ducts.

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Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of transitional epithelial tissue?

Its cells permit stretching. Found in the urinary bladder and ureters.

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Transitional epithelial tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and classification of connective tissue?

Specialized cells are embedded in a non-living matrix made of ground substance and protein fibers. Ground substance contains interstitial fluid, adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. Fibers include collagen, elastin, and reticulin. Functions include framework, protection, support, energy storage, and immunity. It is classified by cells, ground substance, and fibers.

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of areolar connective tissue?

Contains mostly fibroblasts plus macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells, and all three fiber types. Forms the lamina propria of mucous membranes and wraps and cushions most organs.

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Areolar connective tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of adipose connective tissue?

Modified areolar tissue dominated by adipocytes. Provides energy storage, cushioning, and insulation. Found under the skin and within the abdomen and breasts.

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Adipose connective tissue

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of reticular connective tissue?

Contains lymphocytes, mast cells, and stem cells supported by branching reticulin fibers. Supports lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen.

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Reticular connective tissue

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of dense regular connective tissue?

Contains fibroblasts and parallel collagen bundles. Provides strength against force along one axis. Found in tendons and ligaments.

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Dense regular connective tissue

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of dense irregular connective tissue?

Contains fibroblasts and collagen bundles arranged in many directions. Resists force from multiple directions. Found in the dermis, digestive submucosa, and capsules of joints and organs.

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Dense irregular connective tissue

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of hyaline cartilage?

Chondrocytes sit in lacunae within a uniform, avascular matrix. Provides cushioning, support, and reinforcement. Found at the ends of long bones, ribs, and trachea.

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Hyaline cartilage

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of elastic cartilage?

Chondrocytes sit in lacunae within an avascular matrix containing branched elastin fibers. Provides flexible support and is found in the external ear and epiglottis.

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Elastic cartilage

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of fibrous cartilage?

Contains many parallel collagen fibers for tensile strength and shock absorption. Found in intervertebral discs and the knee joint.

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Fibrous cartilage

What are the characteristics, functions, and locations of osseous connective tissue?

Osteocytes sit in lacunae within a well-vascularized matrix containing calcium, phosphorus, and collagen. Supports and protects internal organs and occurs as compact and spongy bone.

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Osseous connective tissue

What are the characteristics, function, and location of blood?

Red and white blood cells occur in a fluid matrix containing mainly albumin. It transports substances within cardiovascular vessels. Red cells stain pink and white cells stain purple.

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Blood

What are the characteristics, function, and location of lymph?

Lymphocytes occur in a fluid matrix containing small amounts of dissolved protein. Lymph supports immune functions and is found in lymphatic vessels. There is no prepared slide.

What are the characteristics and functions of muscle tissue?

Relatively long, slender cells contain the contractile proteins actin and myosin. Muscle is excitable and contractile and moves skeletal elements and materials within hollow organs.

What are the characteristics, function, and location of skeletal muscle?

Long, multinucleate cells have obvious striations and nuclei flattened against their edges. Found in skeletal muscles and produces voluntary movement.

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Skeletal muscle

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of smooth muscle?

Spindle-shaped cells have one central nucleus and no visible striations. Found in walls of organs and blood vessels, where it involuntarily propels substances through passageways.

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Smooth muscle

What are the characteristics, function, and location of cardiac muscle?

Striated, branched cells have one nucleus and intercalated discs connecting adjacent cells. Found only in the heart and produces involuntary contractions.

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Cardiac muscle

What are the characteristics, function, and locations of nervous tissue?

Contains excitable neurons and supporting glial cells. Provides fast integration and communication. Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia. The listed slide shows large triangular neuronal bodies, tangled projections, and small purple glial nuclei.

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Nervous tissue