Im[portant Battles Between Hijra and the Capture of Mecca

1. Battle of Badr (624 CE, 2 AH)

• Small Muslim force defeated a larger Meccan army.

• Huge morale boost; seen as a sign of divine favor.

Battle of Uhud (625 CE, 3 AH)

• Muslims initially gained upper hand but lost due to disobedience.

• Important lesson in unity and discipline.

1. Battle of the Trench (Khandaq) (627 CE, 5 AH)

• Medina besieged by Meccans and allies.

• Muslims dug a trench; defense successful.

Marked the decline of Meccan military power.

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 CE, 6 AH)

• Truce with Quraysh, considered a strategic victory.

• Allowed Islam to spread peacefully for a time.

Conquest of Mecca (630 CE, 8 AH)

1. * Muhammad returns with 10,000 men.

   • City surrenders with almost no bloodshed.

   • Mecca becomes spiritual center of Islam.