Body Structure and Function

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to the body structure and function for exam preparation.

Cell

The basic unit of living organisms; carries out metabolism.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; the energy compound of the cell.

Organic Compounds

Compounds that include proteins, enzymes, hormones, carbohydrates, sugars, starches, and lipids.

Chromosomes

Threadlike bodies in a cell's nucleus that carry genetic information.

Gene

A hereditary unit composed of DNA that controls the formation of enzymes.

Mitosis

The process of cell division.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers and protects body structures, lines organs, vessels, and cavities.

Connective Tissue

Supports and binds body structures.

Muscle Tissue

Contracts to produce movement; three types include skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

Nervous Tissue

Makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; coordinates body responses by transmitting electrical impulses.

Mucous Membranes

Secrete mucus to lubricate and protect tissues.

Homeostasis

The goal of body systems to maintain internal stability.

Anatomical Position

The standard position for anatomical studies; body upright, facing forward, arms at sides with palms forward.

Anterior

Toward or at the front of the body.

Posterior

Toward or at the back of the body.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Toward the side of the body.

Proximal

Nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point.

Superior

Above or in a higher position.

Inferior

Below or in a lower position.

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into right and left portions.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Dorsal Cavity

Contains the cranial and spinal cavities.

Ventral Cavity

Contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The larger ventral cavity between the diaphragm and pelvis, including the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Peritoneum

The large serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity.

Tissue

A group of cells that act together for a specific purpose.