module 9 motivation and leadership

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Five levels of needs: : physiological → safety → social → esteem → self-actualization

Theory X

Assumes workers dislike work and avoid responsibility

Theory Y

Assumes workers enjoy work and seek responsibility

Herzberg Hygiene Factors

Conditions preventing dissatisfaction (salary, policies)

Herzberg Motivators

Factors creating satisfaction (achievement, recognition)

Goal-Setting Theory

Specific, challenging goals improve performance

Equity Theory

Employees compare input-output fairness with others

Expectancy Theory

Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × Valence

Autocratic Leadership

Leader makes decisions alone

Democratic Leadership

Leader involves employees in decisions

Laissez-Faire Leadership

Minimal leader involvement

Transformational Leadership

Inspires employees to exceed expectations

Transactional Leadership

Uses rewards and punishments

Servant Leadership

Leader prioritizes follower growth and well-being