AP Spanish Language and Culture Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the AP Spanish Language and Culture Unit 1-6 lecture notes.

Family Values in Spain

In Spain, family is considered the most important aspect of life. Family members are expected to support each other.

Extended Family

Spanish families tend to be large and extended, with grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins often living in close proximity.

Gender Roles in Spanish Families

Traditional gender roles are still prevalent in Spanish families, with men being the primary breadwinners and women taking care of the home and children.

Respect for Elders

Elders are highly respected in Spanish culture and are often consulted for advice and guidance.

Close-Knit Relationships

Spanish families tend to have close-knit relationships and spend a lot of time together. Family gatherings and celebrations are common.

Importance of Catholicism

Catholicism is the dominant religion in Spain and plays a significant role in family life. Many families attend church together and religious holidays are celebrated.

Changing Family Dynamics

Like many other countries, Spain is experiencing changing family dynamics, with more women entering the workforce and a growing number of single-parent households.

Importance of Meals

Meals are an important part of Spanish family life, with families often gathering together for long, leisurely meals.

Strong Family Ties

Overall, Spanish families place a strong emphasis on family ties and maintaining close relationships with one another.

Spanish cultural heritage

A blend of various influences from different civilizations that have inhabited the region over the centuries.

Spanish cuisine

Diverse and varies from region to region; some of the most popular dishes include paella, tortilla española, gazpacho, and churros.

Flamenco

A traditional Spanish dance form that originated in Andalusia, characterized by its passionate and expressive movements, often accompanied by guitar music and singing.

Bullfighting

A controversial traditional sport in Spain, which involves a bullfighter (matador) facing off against a bull in an arena; considered by some to be a cruel and outdated practice.

Spanish festivals

Known for their vibrant and lively atmosphere; some of the most famous include La Tomatina, Running of the Bulls, and La Feria de Abril.

Spanish art

Renowned for its unique style and creativity; some of the most famous Spanish artists include Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, and Francisco Goya.

Spanish architecture

Characterized by its ornate and intricate designs, with influences from various styles such as Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque.

Spanish language

One of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with over 500 million speakers worldwide; the official language of Spain and many countries in Latin America.

Indigenous Family Structures

Diverse and varied depending on the region and the specific indigenous group; the most common family structure was the extended family, which included several generations living together.

Catholicism

A branch of Christianity that originated in Rome, based on the belief in the Holy Trinity, the divinity of Jesus Christ, and the authority of the Pope.

The Spanish Conquest

Refers to the colonization of the Americas by Spain in the 16th century, led by explorers such as Christopher Columbus and Hernán Cortés.

Familismo

The cultural value that prioritizes the family over the individual and emphasizes the importance of family unity, loyalty, and support.

Machismo

The cultural value that emphasizes traditional masculine roles and behaviors, characterized by traits such as strength, courage, and assertiveness.

Marianismo

The cultural value that emphasizes traditional feminine roles and behaviors, characterized by traits such as purity, selflessness, and nurturing.

Modern Changes in Spain

Significant changes in family customs and values due to modernization, influenced by factors such as urbanization, globalization, and the rise of individualism.

Changes in Family Structure

The traditional extended family structure has given way to nuclear families, and the number of single-parent families has increased.

Changes in Gender Roles

Women have gained more equality in the workplace, and men are taking on more household responsibilities.

Changes in Parenting Styles

Authoritarian styles are becoming less common, and authoritative styles are becoming more prevalent; parents are becoming more involved in their children's lives.

Changes in Values

Traditional Catholic values are becoming less influential, and individualism is becoming more important.

Greetings in Spain

Important part of Spanish culture; it is common to greet people with a handshake or a kiss on each cheek, depending on the region and the relationship.

Formal Greetings

When meeting someone for the first time, it is customary to use formal greetings such as buenos días, buenas tardes, or buenas noches.

Formal Address

When addressing someone older or in a position of authority, it is common to use the formal usted instead of the informal tú.

Lack of Nutritious Food

Spain has one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in Europe, with reliance on processed foods and lack of access to fresh produce contributing to the issue.

Dependence on imports

Spain is heavily dependent on energy imports, making it vulnerable to price fluctuations and supply disruptions.

Renewable energy

Spain has made progress in developing renewable energy sources but relies on intermittent sources.

Nuclear power

Spain used to rely on nuclear power but is phasing out nuclear power plants.

Energy poverty

Many households in Spain struggle to pay energy bills, leading to energy poverty, especially for low-income and rural households.

Investment

Spain needs to invest in its energy infrastructure to ensure a reliable and sustainable supply.

European Union

Spain is part of the EU, which has set targets for emissions reduction and renewable energy; Spain needs to work with the EU to ensure a reliable energy supply.

Machismo

A deeply rooted ideology in Spanish culture that emphasizes traditional gender roles and male dominance, often leading to mistreatment of women.

Lack of Quality Education

Spain has one of the highest school dropout rates in Europe, with a centralized system, outdated curriculum, and underpaid teachers affecting quality.

Natural disasters

Have devastating effects, causing loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and economic setbacks; Spain has experienced floods, wildfires, earthquakes, and droughts.

Investment Infrastructure

Has been slow due to budget constraints and political instability.

Income Inequality

Spain has one of the highest levels of income inequality in Europe, with the top 20% earning six times more than the bottom 20%.

Weak Institutions

Spain's institutions have been criticized for being weak and corrupt, leading to a lack of trust in the government.

Lack of Infrastructure

Spain's outdated infrastructure has led to a lack of competitiveness and hindered economic growth.

Religious Conflicts

The Spanish Inquisition, established in the late 15th century, aimed to root out heresy and convert Jews and Muslims to Christianity.

Nationalist Conflicts

The Basque separatist movement sought independence for the Basque Country, carrying out a campaign of violence for over 40 years.

Class Conflicts

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was fought between the left-wing Republicans and the right-wing Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco.

Self-Esteem

A key aspect of mental health and well-being in Spanish culture, often tied to one's social status, appearance, and achievements.

Beliefs

Spain is predominantly Catholic; concept of duende inspires creativity; common superstitions.

Beauty

Associated with physical appearance and inner qualities; highly valued in Spanish culture, especially in women.

Aesthetics

Associated with belleza and arte, recognizes the subjective nature of beauty, explores the relationship between art and society.

Using Technology to Share Personal Identity

Used to share personal identity, cultural heritage, traditions, and beliefs, creating content that reflects personal identity and participating in online communities.

Public identity

Refers to how a person presents themselves to the world, including their culture, beliefs, and values.

Using Technology to Learn About Public Identity

Can be used to learn about public identity in Spanish-speaking countries and offer courses on cultural topics.

Ventajas (Pros) of Technology

Makes learning Spanish more engaging, provides instant feedback, connects learners with native speakers, and accesses authentic materials.

Desventajas (Cons) of Technology

Overreliance, unreliable resources, distraction, unequal access, and lack of real-life communication experiences.

Art as a Reflection of Identity

A reflection of the country's diverse cultural and historical identity, influenced by Romans, Moors, and Christians.

Street Art & Murals

Known for its vibrant scene, with cities like Madrid and Barcelona being hotspots, reflecting the country's political and social climate.

Self Portraits

A significant genre in Spanish art history, characterized by intense emotional expression and dramatic use of light and shadow.

Beauty Standards Before

Focused on natural beauty and modesty, with an emphasis on features associated with femininity and fertility, pale skin, curvy figure, thick hair.

Beauty Standards Now

Have evolved to become more diverse and inclusive, with increasing representation and showcase beauty/challenge societal norms.

Aesthetics in Daily Life

Characterized by a blend of traditional and modern styles, simplicity, elegance, and functionality, colorful tiles, wrought iron, wooden furniture.

Public Identity

Refers to the way we present ourselves to others in public spaces, the image we project to society.

Personal identity

Refers to our inner self, individuality, and unique characteristics, the way we see ourselves and want to be seen by others.

The Role of Language in Public Identities

An integral part of the public identity of many countries, shaping the cultural, social, and political landscape.

Catalan

From Catalonia, have their own language, and take pride in their unique identity.

Basque

From the Basque Country, have their own language, culture, traditions, and are known for a strong sense of identity.

Galician

From Galicia, have their own language and are known for their love of seafood.

Andalusian

From Andalusia, known for their flamenco music and love of bullfighting.

Asturian

From Asturias, are known for their cider, traditional bagpipes, and beautiful landscapes.

Valencian

From Valencia, have their own language, paella and beaches.

Art as a Challenger of Perspective

Has been shaped by the country's tumultuous history; art during war and peace reflects the social and political changes.

War

During times of war is characterized by its dark and somber themes, Francisco Goya's The Third of May 1808.

Peace

During times of peace is characterized by its vibrant and colorful themes, post-war traditional forms.

Music as a Challenger

Has been an integral part of Spanish art, influenced by Moors, Jews, Gypsies, diverse music.

Fighting for Rights

A form of artistic expression used to fight for rights and raise awareness about social issues shown through installations.

Street Art

Has a rich history, with cities like Madrid and Barcelona being hotspots for street artists.

Museums

Art, history, and culture with renowned Prado, Reina Sofia and Guggenheim Museums, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Picasso Museum Barcelona.

Other Historical Sites

Numerous historical sites that are worth visiting such as The Alhambra and Sagrada Familia.

Immigration

Movement of people from one country to another with the intention of settling there.

Chicano Art

Art reflecting Mexican Americans experiences during Chicano Movement with symbolic images.

Prehistoric Art

Spanish prehistoric art is characterized by cave paintings, megalithic structures, and sculptures and animals.

Aztec Art

Aztec period art was heavily influenced by Spanish and European styles.

Art in War

Affected the political and social turmoil of the time.

The Rulers

Paintings commissioned by Spanish rulers of families to promote power.

Photography

Has a rich history influenced by culture with many Spanish movements.

Internet - Cuba

Has lowest internet penetration rates, with government severely restricting access.

Internet - USA

Has highest internet penetration rates, and home to world's largest internet companies.

Public Transportation - Cuba

Affordable, reliable, run by state connected between cities with more local buses.

Public Transportation - USA

Most common buses, trains, and subways are cheaper, and more eco-friendly.

Cars - Cuba

Unique selection of vintage cars due to 1960s embargo.

Cars - USA

One of the largest care markets with popular brands electric cars available.

Social Media and Global Challenges El Positivo

Positive for using too to spread awareness climate change.

Social Media and Global Challenges El Negativo

Negative from misinformation and spreading false information.

Political Implications USA Black Lives Matter Movement

Helped raising awareness about racism through the movement.

Political Implications USA #MeToo Movement

Raise about violence and speaking out on abuse online.

Political Implications España Catalan Independence Movement

Use of virtual space to spread independence movement.

Social Values / Volunteer work

Latin American societies focus on volunteer work to help those need.

Vaccine Development

Develop and distribute Vaccines.