Topic 4- Fungi

What is the name of the single celled organism group that fungi are sister groups to?

nucleoids

Are Fungi heterotrophs or autotrophs?

Heterotrophs

What kind of life cycle to fungi usually have?

Haploid

Do fungis do photosynthesis?

no

How do Fungi digest?

externally through hydrolases

What are cells walls usually made of in fungi?`

Chitin

Where do Fungi usually live?

Wetlands

What kind of fungi are single cell?

yeasts only

What are the mycelium?

the fungal body that grows in and around the food source

What are most hyphae used for?

structure or feeding

What can Hyphae also be used for?

predation, mutualism, and reproduction

What is an example of a mutualistic hyphae, and where is it found?

haustoria is found in the myeorrhizae

Why are fungi heterotrophic?

they use complex organic compounds as sources of energy and carbon

What do fungi have in common with animals?

they store carbohydrates as glycogen

What are mycorrihizae?

the place where the roots of both plants and animals meet and exchange nutrients and water, greatly aiding the survival of both species.

What are the four main characteristics of fungi?

mostly haploid life cycle

no photosynthesis

external digestion

cell walls contain chitin

What are Hyphae?

Long branched filaments

What are spores?

Single-cell organisms that start new haploid organisms

Are Spores exclusively sexual or asexual?

no they are both

How are spores dispersed?

H2O, wind, animals

What is the basic sexual life cycle of fungi?

Hyphae releases pheromes, plasmogamy, time passes, Karyogamy, Meiosis

in the sexual fungi life cycle, why do hyphae release pheromes?

in order to test compatibility

What is plasmogamy?

the fusion of cell membranes

What is a heterokaryon and what is it a result of?

cells that contain multiple haploid nuclei; plasmogamy

What triggers Karyogamy?

Environmental change

what is karyogamy?

nuclei fusion

What is the result of karyogamy?

a zygote

What does the sexual life cycle occur in fungus?

genetic diversity

What are molds?

filamentous fungi that produce spores by mitosis

What are Chytrids?

basal fungal group

What are the derived characteristics of chytrid?

zoospores

What are zoospores?

flagellated species terrestrial, freshwater, and marine

What are the derived traits of zygomycetes?

formation of zygospores in zygosporangia

What are the derived characteristics of glomeromycetes

Mycorrhizae

What are Mycorrhizae?

a symbiotic relationship with most plants

What is the largest group of fungi?

Ascomycetes

Which phyla of fungi have the derived characteristics of spores contained in sacs?

Ascomycetes

Are ascomycetes single-celled or filamentous?

both

What are the derived characteristics of Basidiomycetes

spores in gills, no asexual stages in the life cycle

What are Basidiocarp?

gills

What are the four ecological importance of fungi?

decomposers, mutualists, practical uses, mycosis

What do Endophytes do?

deter herbivores from plants

What is mycosis?

fungal infection