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What are the two pairs in DNA
Adenine and Thymine & Guanine and Cytosine
What is a trait in genetics
A trait in genetics is a characteristic of an individual determined by genes and environmental factors
Where is DNA located for the most part
nucleus
What are the four chemical bases in DNA
A T G C
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Can DNA replicate itself?
Yes
True or False: DNA varies drastically from person to person.
False
What are good sources of DNA
Hair, Saliva, Blood, Skin, Sweat, Mucus, and Earwax; hence them being used to track suspects in crime shows
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA
How many genes does a human have
between 20,000 and 25,000
Can genes be turned on and off?
Yes they can. Almost all cells have the same DNA, but only the instructions relevant to them are turned on.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is made up of Genes and are coiled and compacted into chromosomes.
How many chromosomes does a human have per non sex cell?
46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes are in a sex cell
23 chromosomes
How many copies of X chromosomes do females have.
Two copies.
What two types of chromosomes do males have.
X and Y chromosomes
What percent do humans differ by in DNA.
0.1%
What shape is DNA
double helix
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
Sugar Phosphate Backbone
Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group
What does a double helix look like
spiral staircase or twisted ladder
Key Analogy
DNA (like a book) is made of letters (A,T,G,C) which make "words"
ProphaseÂ
Chromosomes form and Nucleus disappears
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
Chromosomes are pulled apart
Telophase
Two sperate nuclei are formed and chromosomes uncoil
Each letter is called a ________
Base
What does A match with
T
What does G match with?
C
DNA is coiled up and packaged in what?
Chromosomes
Why does DNA coil up into chromosomes?
To save space and for protection.
Where are our chromosomes from?
Half from Mom a Half from Dad
How many pairs of chromosomes per cell?
23 pairs (23 x 2 = 46)
If all our cells have the same DNA, then do chromosomes.
Yes, chromosomes are all the same in the same organism
What are sex cells also called?
Gametes
True or False: DNA from sex cells are passed to their offsprings, and is passed from generation to generation.
True
Cell theory: All cells come from _____
Other cells
True or False: Cell copies are very different than the original
False
What happens during Interphase
The cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
What is mitosis.
When chromosomes are equally divided into two separate nuclei
What is cytokinesis.
When the cell divides to produce two identical cells
What are the 3 main things in cell replication.
Replicate
Congregate
Separate
What does congregate mean in cell reproduction
Mitosis
What happens during Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokenisis
What happens in Prophase?
Chromosomes form, nucleus disappears.
What happens in Metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
What happens in Anaphase?
Chromosomes pulled apart, with identical halves going to each side
What happens in Telaphase?
Two separate nuclei are formed
Chromosomes uncoil
Cytokenisis is what?
The cells separating
What is Interphase?
Interphase is the DNA replicating prior to Mitosis.
Why do cells divide?
To for growth, development, and healing.
What happens when cells reproduce more than they should.
Cancer
What causes differences in DNA between new and parent cells?
Mutations.
What are variations of certain traits called and give an example.
Alleles (option in category) (Gene can be for flower color, alleles determine the color)
True or False: Product of reproduction will have the dominant traits if parental traits overlap.
Note 
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