Science DNA

What are the two pairs in DNA

Adenine and Thymine & Guanine and Cytosine

What is a trait in genetics

A trait in genetics is a characteristic of an individual determined by genes and environmental factors

Where is DNA located for the most part

nucleus

What are the four chemical bases in DNA

A T G C

Guanine (G)

Cytosine (C)

Thymine (T)

Can DNA replicate itself?

Yes

True or False: DNA varies drastically from person to person.

False

What are good sources of DNA

Hair, Saliva, Blood, Skin, Sweat, Mucus, and Earwax; hence them being used to track suspects in crime shows

What is a gene?

A gene is a segment of DNA

How many genes does a human have

between 20,000 and 25,000

Can genes be turned on and off?

Yes they can. Almost all cells have the same DNA, but only the instructions relevant to them are turned on.

What is a chromosome?

A chromosome is made up of Genes and are coiled and compacted into chromosomes.

How many chromosomes does a human have per non sex cell?

46 chromosomes

How many chromosomes are in a sex cell

23 chromosomes

How many copies of X chromosomes do females have.

Two copies.

What two types of chromosomes do males have.

X and Y chromosomes

What percent do humans differ by in DNA.

0.1%

What shape is DNA

double helix

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group

What does a double helix look like

spiral staircase or twisted ladder

Key Analogy

DNA (like a book) is made of letters (A,T,G,C) which make "words"

Prophase 

Chromosomes form and Nucleus disappears

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Chromosomes are pulled apart

Telophase

Two sperate nuclei are formed and chromosomes uncoil

Each letter is called a ________

Base

What does A match with

T

What does G match with?

C

DNA is coiled up and packaged in what?

Chromosomes

Why does DNA coil up into chromosomes?

To save space and for protection.

Where are our chromosomes from?

Half from Mom a Half from Dad

How many pairs of chromosomes per cell?

23 pairs (23 x 2 = 46)

If all our cells have the same DNA, then do chromosomes.

Yes, chromosomes are all the same in the same organism

What are sex cells also called?

Gametes

True or False: DNA from sex cells are passed to their offsprings, and is passed from generation to generation.

True

Cell theory: All cells come from _____

Other cells

True or False: Cell copies are very different than the original

False

What happens during Interphase

The cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for cell division.

What is mitosis.

When chromosomes are equally divided into two separate nuclei

What is cytokinesis.

When the cell divides to produce two identical cells

What are the 3 main things in cell replication.

• Replicate

• Congregate

• Separate

What does congregate mean in cell reproduction

Mitosis

What happens during Mitosis

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokenisis

What happens in Prophase?

Chromosomes form, nucleus disappears.

What happens in Metaphase?

Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell

What happens in Anaphase?

Chromosomes pulled apart, with identical halves going to each side

What happens in Telaphase?

Two separate nuclei are formed

Chromosomes uncoil

Cytokenisis is what?

The cells separating

What is Interphase?

Interphase is the DNA replicating prior to Mitosis.

Why do cells divide?

To for growth, development, and healing.

What happens when cells reproduce more than they should.

Cancer

What causes differences in DNA between new and parent cells?

Mutations.

What are variations of certain traits called and give an example.

Alleles (option in category) (Gene can be for flower color, alleles determine the color)

True or False: Product of reproduction will have the dominant traits if parental traits overlap.