Integument System

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Last updated 2:59 AM on 9/19/26
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16 Terms

1
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Stratum Basale

  • one layer

  • keratinocytes (specialized epithelial cells)

  • melanocytes

  • tactile cells (nerve endings)


<ul><li><p>one layer</p></li><li><p>keratinocytes (specialized epithelial cells)</p></li><li><p>melanocytes</p></li><li><p>tactile cells (nerve endings)</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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stratum spinosum

  • several layers

  • daughter cells into highly specialized keratinocyte

  • epidermal dendritic cells/intraepidermal macrophages

    • phagocytes


3
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stratum granulosum

  • 3-5 layers of keratinocytes

  • cytoplasm fills with keratin filaments (organelles begin to degrade)

  • fully keratinized cells are dead but strong and water insoluble


<ul><li><p>3-5 layers of keratinocytes</p></li><li><p>cytoplasm fills with keratin filaments (organelles begin to degrade)</p></li><li><p>fully keratinized cells are dead but strong and water insoluble</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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stratum lucidum

  • thin, transulcent, few layers

  • palms and soles

  • lack organelles

  • eleidin: transparent, intermediate product of keratin maturation


<ul><li><p>thin, transulcent, few layers</p></li><li><p>palms and soles</p></li><li><p>lack organelles</p></li><li><p>eleidin: transparent, intermediate product of keratin maturation</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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stratum corneum

  • few-30 layers thick depending on location

  • dead keratinocytes

  • cornified = corneocytes

  • sloughed off by abrasion


<ul><li><p>few-30 layers thick depending on location</p></li><li><p>dead keratinocytes</p></li><li><p>cornified = corneocytes</p></li><li><p>sloughed off by abrasion</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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skin color epidermal variation

hemoglobin: pinkish hue

melanin: melanocytes

carotene: foods

7
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skin markings epidermal variation

Nevus: mole

Hemangioma: proliferation of blood vessels (permanent: port-wine)

friction ridges: folds of epi and dermis, fingerprints (dermatoglyphics)

8
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Dermis CT

Papillary: Loose (areolar) CT, dermal papillae and epidermal ridges, increase surface area and provide vascularity.

Reticular (80%) : Dense irregular CT, collagen fibers, blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerves. connected to hypodermis

9
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Hypodermis

Subcutaneous Layer

  • areolar (loose, proper) and adipose CT (loose proper)

  • protects, stores energy, insulation, vascularized


10
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<p>sebaceous glands</p>

sebaceous glands

  • oily sebum into hair follicles

  • activates during puberty


11
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<p>aprocrine sweat glands</p>

aprocrine sweat glands

  • simple coiled tubular

  • hair follicles into pubic areas

  • thick, cloudy, proteins and lipids > leading to bacterial growth


12
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merocrine sweat glands

  • simple coiled tubular

  • water clear, nervous system

  • thermoregulation, secretion, protection


13
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lunula

white semilunar proximal area of nail body caused by thickened

underlying stratum basale obscuring capillaries in dermis

14
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hair papilla

connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels

below follicle that support the keratinocytes

15
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hair bulb

a swelling at bottom of follicle filled with dividing keratinocytes; increase in hair matrix causes hair growth

16
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ceruminous glands

cerumen (earwax), protects