Grade 11 General Science Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on Grade 11 General Science review pointers covering Louis Pasteur, household chemicals, personal-care products, cosmetics, fragrances, core chemistry concepts, physics formulas, and modern applications of chemistry.

Pasteurization

The process of heating food or beverages to reduce harmful microorganisms.

Germ Theory

The concept that microorganisms can cause diseases.

Louis Pasteur

Scientist who connected chemistry and biology, and developed pasteurization and germ theory.

Vaccines

Substances that help the immune system fight specific diseases.

Detergent

A household chemical that removes dirt, oil, and grease.

Bleach

A household chemical used for whitening and disinfection.

Surfactant

A household chemical component that helps remove oil and dirt.

Disinfectant

A chemical agent used on non-living surfaces to eliminate microorganisms.

Antiseptic

A chemical agent used on living tissue to prevent infection.

Dissolution

The process of dissolving a substance in a solvent.

Acid

A substance with a pH below $7$.

Base

A substance with a pH above $7$.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons during a reaction.

Reduction

The gain of electrons during a reaction.

OIL RIG

A mnemonic device standing for Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain.

Shampoo

A personal-care product that cleans hair and scalp.

Conditioner

A personal-care product that smooths and conditions hair.

Toothpaste

A personal-care product that cleans teeth, containing fluoride to help prevent cavities.

Deodorant

A personal-care product that controls body odor.

Antiperspirant

A personal-care product that reduces sweating.

Body lotion

A personal-care product that moisturizes skin.

Foundation

A cosmetic product that evens complexion.

Lipstick

A cosmetic product that colors lips.

Lip gloss

A cosmetic product that adds shine to lips.

Lip balm

A cosmetic product that moisturizes lips.

Blush

A cosmetic product that colors cheeks.

Eye shadow

A cosmetic product that colors eyelids.

Mascara

A cosmetic product that enhances eyelashes.

Perfume

A fragrance that is generally more concentrated than eau de toilette or cologne.

Eau de Toilette

A fragrance that is lighter than perfume.

Cologne

A fragrance that is generally lighter than perfume.

Acceleration (Formula)

Calculated as $a = \frac{v_f - v_i}{t}$.

Displacement (Formula)

Calculated as $d_f - d_i$.

Pressure (Formula)

Calculated as $P = \frac{F}{A}$.

Force (Formula)

Calculated as $F = PA$.

Medical Applications of Chemistry

Contributions including medicines, vaccines, disinfectants, medical materials, and diagnostic tools.

Agricultural Applications of Chemistry

Uses including fertilizers, soil management, crop protection, pesticides, and agricultural research.

Material Applications of Chemistry

Creation of materials such as plastics, glass, ceramics, synthetic fibers, metals and alloys, and adhesives.