Personal Development Lecture Notes

Traditional vocabulary flashcards covering the core concepts of Personal Development, including self-theory, developmental stages, stress Management, and brain structures.

Self

The total, essential or particular being of a person, representing the core qualities that distinguish you from others.

Characteristics

Refers to your features and descriptions, such as being tall.

Habits

Pertains to your activities, interests, tendencies, and things you like to do.

Experiences

The moments in your life that created an impact.

Self Concept

Our cognition of ourselves, including what we think and know about our identity, personality and individuality; it is mostly or purely informational.

Self Esteem

A level on how much we value ourselves given positive or negative feedback; unlike self-concept, it is emotionally inclined.

Johari Window

A technique developed by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham used as a tool to help understand the relationship with yourself and others via four quadrants.

Open Self

The 1st Quadrant of the Johari Window containing information about you that both you and others know.

Blind Self

The 2nd Quadrant of the Johari Window containing information about you that you don't know but others do know.

Hidden Self

The 3rd Quadrant of the Johari Window containing information about you that you know but others don’t know.

Unknown Self

The 4th Quadrant of the Johari Window containing information about you that neither you nor others know.

Puberty

The stage where the body matures in all aspects with its sexual characteristics, primed for reproduction.

Theory of Intellectual Development

A theory by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget explaining cognitive development through four distinct stages.

Sensorimotor Stage

The stage from 0 to 2 years where the child is egocentric and develops object permanence or object constancy.

Object Permanence

Learning to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.

Pre-operational Stage

The stage from 2 to 7 years characterized by pretend or symbolic play, unsophisticated language, and imitation of caregivers.

Concrete Operational Stage

The stage from 7 to 11 years where logic functions begin and children process others' perceptions, though they still struggle with abstract concepts.

Formal Operational Stage

The stage from 11 years and up involving huge progress in logical thinking, deductive reasoning, and the ability to think abstractly.

Theory of Psychosocial Development

A theory by Erik Homburger Erikson, who is most famous for coining the phrase 'identity crisis'.

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

A framework developed by Lawrence Kohlberg that expanded Piaget's theories into three levels of morality.

Pre-conventional Morality

Level 1 of moral development where the personal code of morality is shaped externally by parents or elderly figures.

Conventional Morality

Level 2 of moral development where individuals internalize learned moral standards and reasoning is derived from group norms.

Post-conventional Morality

Level 3 of moral development where morality rests on self-chosen principles like human rights, justice, and equality.

Stress

A physiological response to a physical or psychological threat and a natural response to environmental demands.

Homeostatic State

A term used to describe balance or equilibrium in our body system.

Eustress

Good stress that can help an individual in motivation, focus, energy, and performance.

Distress

Bad stress that usually causes anxiety, concern, and poor performance, potentially leading to serious problems.

Fight or Flight

A syndrome described by Walter Cannon as the initial reaction to a physical or psychological threat.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A concept by Hans Selye consisting of three phases: Alarm Stage, Resistance Phase, and Exhaustion Phase.

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Richard Lazarus's theory defined as a cognitive or behavior response to stress aimed at managing or reducing it.

Primary Appraisal

The evaluation of the meaning of a situation and checking if it will affect the individual.

Secondary Appraisal

The component of cognitive appraisal involving how one feels about the situation.

Frontal Lobe

A part of the cerebrum associated with motor skills, problem solving, judgement, planning, and attention.

Occipital Lobe

The part of the cerebrum involved in vision and the ability to read and recognize printed words.

Parietal Lobe

The part of the cerebrum responsible for organizing and interpreting sensory information from other brain parts.

Temporal Lobe

Coordinates functions such as visual memory (facial recognition), verbal memory, and the interpretation of others' emotions.

Brain Stem

The structure comprising the Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.

Whole Brain Model

Developed by Ned Hermann, it describes thinking preferences driven by four quadrants based on brain dominance scans.

Mind Map

A diagram used to visually organize information and explore ideas creatively using words, colors, and images.