Studied by 4 people
network
computers that are connected to share resources using a data link
internet
network of smaller networks connected using a specific set of rules
IP
internet protocol, the rules of the internet (internet layer)
UDP
user datagram protocol, breaks data into datagrams (transport layer)
ARPA
advanced research projects agency
DARPA
defense advanced research projects agency
ARPANET
a packet-switching network, first network to use TCP/IP protocols
DoD model
department of defense model
Internet protocol suite
application, transport, internet, link
application layer
defines rules for different user application
IMAP
internet message access protocol, used for email (application layer)
POP
post office protocol, used for email (application layer)
SMTP
simple mail transfer protocol (application layer)
VoIP
voice over internet protocol, used for telephony (application layer)
FTP
file transfer protocol, transfers files between client and server (application layer)
SSH
secure shell (application layer)
RDP
remote desktop protocol (application layer)
HTTP(S)
hypertext transfer protocol (secure), provides encrypted connection between browser and website (application layer)
HTML
hypertext markup language, standard language for creating web pages (application layer)
CSS
cascading style sheets (application layer)
server
files stored on a computer (application layer)
client-server model
client sends request to server and server sends requested information back (application layer)
domain name
a name given or linked to an ip address (application layer)
TLD
top level domain, ex: .com (application layer)
IANA
internet assigned numbers authority, manages domain names (application layer)
ICANN
internet corporation for assigned names and numbers (application layer)
URL
uniform resource locator, locates specific files from domain (application layer)
subdomain
any domain part of another domain (application layer)
DNS
domain name system, determines IP address (application layer)
ISP
internet service provider, ex: verizon (application layer)
Root name servers
13 total, contains every single domain name and IP address in the world (application layer)
TCP
transmission control protocol, breaks down request into packets (transport layer)
reliable protocol
lets client know if all packets sent made it to the server
fault-tolerant
even if there is an error, the system can work properly
the internet layer
the IP creates addresses and attaches them to each packet (3rd layer)
IPv4
uses 32-bit addresses, allows for 2^(32) addresses (ex. 43.234.2.752) (internet layer)
IETF
internet engineering task force
MAC address
media access control address, unique physical address (internet layer)
Link layer
manage interface between physically connected nodes on local network (4th layer)
ARP
address resolution protocol (link layer)
RARP
reverse address resolution protocol (link layer)
NDP
neighbor discovery protocol (link layer)
the physical internet
physically transfers binary data from client to server
modem
device that handles both modulation (for outgoing signals) and demodulation (for incoming signals); (physical internet layer)
router
directs internet traffic (physical internet layer)
electricity
one way to send packets, not the fastest or most efficient, can be disturbed by things like lighting
light
fastest way to send packets through infrared light in the form of hair thin, transparent fibers called fiber optic cables
multimode cable
type of fiber optic cable, thicker and can send light at different wavelengths through the same fiber, cause distortions over longer distances
single mode cable
type of fiber optic cable, used for longer distance, thinner and carry just one wavelength or mode
lower frequencies
travel farther since they face less electromagnetic interference and can better pass through objects
bit rate
the number of bits that can be processed per second
bandwidth
the amount of resources available to transmit data
latency
round-trip time information takes to get from client to server and back
Note 
Flashcard (61)