1part 2 study guid natomy

Olfactory Pathway

Pathway for processing smells in the brain.

Odor Molecule Detection

Binding of odor molecules to olfactory receptors.

Olfactory Epithelium

Tissue containing sensory neurons for smell.

Olfactory Nerve

Cranial nerve I transmitting smell signals.

Olfactory Bulb

Processes smell signals before brain interpretation.

Olfactory Tract

Transmits signals from olfactory bulb to cortex.

Olfactory Cortex

Brain region interpreting smells and emotions.

Taste Pathway

Pathway for processing taste signals to the brain.

Taste Bud Activation

Taste molecules activate receptor cells in taste buds.

Tastants

Chemical molecules that activate taste receptors.

Signal Transmission (Taste)

Taste signals sent via cranial nerves to brain.

Nucleus of the Solitary Tract

Relay station for taste information in brainstem.

Thalamus (Taste)

Relay station processing taste signals to cortex.

Gustatory Cortex

Brain region for conscious taste perception.

Outer Ear

Collects sound waves and funnels them to eardrum.

Pinna (Auricle)

Visible part of the ear collecting sound.

Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)

Vibrates in response to incoming sound waves.

Middle Ear

Amplifies sound vibrations before inner ear.

Ossicles

Three tiny bones amplifying sound vibrations.

Inner Ear

Converts sound vibrations into electrical signals.

Cochlea

Spiral structure converting vibrations to nerve signals.

Hair Cells

Sensory receptors detecting vibrations in cochlea.

Auditory Nerve

Transmits electrical signals from cochlea to brain.

Auditory Cortex

Processes sound signals in the temporal lobe.

Sensory Transduction

Conversion of stimuli into electrical signals.

Vision

Light waves converted to electrical signals by retina.

Hearing

Sound waves converted to electrical signals by cochlea.

Touch

Mechanical stimuli converted to electrical signals by skin.

Chemical Stimuli (Taste)

Taste receptors convert chemicals into electrical signals.

Chemical Stimuli (Smell)

Olfactory receptors convert chemicals into electrical signals.

Cornea

Transparent layer refracting light and protecting eye.

Iris

Colored part controlling light entry through pupil.

Lens

Focuses light onto the retina for vision.

Retina

Light-sensitive tissue converting light to signals.

Optic Nerve

Transmits visual signals from retina to brain.

Sclera

White outer layer protecting the eyeball.

Vitreous Humor

Gel-like substance maintaining eye shape.

Aqueous Humor

Fluid providing nourishment and maintaining eye pressure.

Conjunctiva

Thin layer covering sclera and eyelids.

Ciliary Body

Muscles focusing the lens of the eye.

Choroid

Middle layer absorbing excess light in eye.

Macula

Area responsible for detailed central vision.

Vestibular Apparatus

Inner ear part aiding balance and orientation.

Semicircular Canals

Fluid-filled tubes maintaining balance in inner ear.

Eustachian Tube

Equalizes pressure between middle ear and throat.

Auditory Processing

Brain interpreting electrical signals as sound.

Balance System

Inner ear structures maintaining body equilibrium.