Nursing Exam 3 Flashcards

What are the goals of Healthy People 2030?

Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death

What is the priority of Healthy People 2030?

Sets objectives to help the United States to increase its focus on health promotion and disease prevention

Promotes a society which all people live long, healthy lives

Health belief model

Addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors

• 1st component is an individual’s perception of susceptibility to illness

• 2nd component is an individual’s perception of the seriousness of the illness

• 3rd component is the likelihood that a person will take a preventative action

Holistic health model of nursing

Promotes a patient’s optimal level of health by considering the dynamic interactions among the emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of an individual’s wellness

Health promotion model (HPM)

Defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease

Increases a patient’s level of well-being

Maslow hierarchy of needs

• Provides a basis for nurses to care for patients of all ages in all health settings

• Hierarchy of needs to understand basic human needs (food, water, safety, and love)

• Certain human needs are more basic than others, and some needs must be met before other needs (fulfilling physiological needs before the needs of love and belonging)

• Self-actualization is the highest expression on one’s individual potential and allows for continual self-discovery

Primary prevention

True prevention that reduces the incidence of disease

Secondary prevention

Focuses on preventing the spread of diseases, illnesses, or infection once it occurs

Tertiary prevention

Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible

Autonomy

Refers to the freedom from external control

Justice

Refers to fairness and the distribution of resources

Fidelity

Refers to faithfulness or the agreement to help promises

Beneficence

Refers to taking positive action to help others

Nonmaleficence

Refers to the avoidance of harm or hurt

Professional nursing code of ethics: advocacy

Refers to the application of one’s skills and knowledge for the benefit of another person

Professional nursing code of ethics: responsibility

Refers to a willingness to respect one’s professional obligations and to follow through

Professional nursing code of ethics: confidentiality

Refers to the health care team’s obligation to respect patient privacy

Professional nursing code of ethics: accountability

Refers to answering for your own actions

Approaches to ethics: utilitarianism

Relies on the application of a certain principle (measures of “good” and the “greatest”) and measures the effect that an act will have

Approaches to ethics: deontology

Defines actions as right or wrong based on their adherence to rules and principles such ass fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice

Approaches to ethics: ethics of care

Offers an alternate view to utilitarianism and deontology, focuses on understanding relationships, personal narratives, and the context in which ethical problems arise

Approaches to ethics: feminist ethics

This view holds that the natural caring for others it eh basis for moral behavior, it places emphasis on caring relationships and a strong sense of responsibility

Assault

Unlawful threat to bring about harmful or offensive contact with another

Battery

Legal term for touching another’s body without consent

Abandonment

When a nurse deserts or neglects a patient with whom they have established a provider-patient relationship without making reasonable arrangements for a patient

False imprisonment

An intentional act to restrict a patient’s movement unlawfully

Invasion of privacy

A circumstance when an individual or organization knowingly intrudes upon a person

Malpractice

A type of negligence, the person being held liable for malpractice must be a professional

Health insurance portability and accountability (HIPPA)

Provides rights to patients and protects employees, includes standards regarding accountability in the health care setting

What determines if a nurse has acted in a prudent manner?

A standard of proof is typically what a reasonably prudent nurse would do under similar circumstances in the geographical area in which the alleged breach occurred

Do different levels of standards apply to student nurses?

Different levels of standards apply to student nurses as they are expected to perform a task effectively, even if it is not quick or efficient

Scopes and standards of nursing

Defines nursing and reflects the values of the nursing profession

Inferiority vs self-absorption

Inferiority: feeling you are less important, intelligent, or skillful than other people

Self-absorption: overly concerned with your own thoughts and feelings, self absorbed

Body image

Involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function

Feelings about body image including those related to sexuality, femininity, and masculinity, youthfulness, health, and strength

3 components of self-concepts

• View of oneself

• Development is a lifelong process

• Affects perception of health

Self-concept

Is an individual’s view of self

Spirituality

An awareness of one’s inner self and a sense of connection to a higher being, nature, or some purpose greater than oneself

Caring for a Roman Catholic patient

No meat rules on Wednesdays and Fridays, during Lent all animal products, including dairy products and butter, are forbidden

Caring for terminally ill patient

Priority during this time

Intrapersonal

Communication that occurs within an individual (people “talk with themselves” silently or form an idea in their own mind)

Interpersonal

Exchange of information between two persons or long persons in a small group

Faith

Reducing stress- time management through prayer or contemplation that relaxes the body

Patients accepted into hospice

The healthcare provider must certify the patient is terminal and that the patients has a prognosis of 6 months or less to live

Kubler-Ross Stages of Dying

1. Denial: this person cannot accept the fact of the loss, it is a form of psychosocial protection from a loss that the person cannot bear

2. Anger: the person expresses resistance or intense anger at God, other people, or the situation

3. Bargaining: the person cushions and postpones awareness of the loss by trying to prevent it from happening

4. Depression: the person realizes the full impact of the loss

5. Acceptance: this person incorporates the loss into life

Primary goal of palliative care

Is to keep patients and families achieve the best possible quality of life

Complicated grief

People have a prolonged or significantly difficult time moving forward after a loss

Disenfranchised grief

Their relationship to the deceased person is not socially sanctioned (doesn’t meet the norms of grief) such as death from suicide or homicide

Situational loss

Sudden, unpredictable external events, loss seems unnecessary and are not a part of expected maturation experiences

Maturational loss

Form of necessary loss and includes all normally expected life changes across the life span

PTSD

Begins when a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event and responds with intense fear or helplessness

Health promotion-stress management

Guided imagery: is based on the belief that a person significantly reduces stress with imagination, time management

Strategy to prevent burnout

Participating in self-care practices to help manage stress, mindfulness exercises, resilience training, staff relationship-building activities, and clinical debrief-turnover

What can cause a possible developmental problem?

Prolonged poverty

Relaxation therapy

Teach patient how to perform muscle relaxation before bedtime, includes demonstration to help with difficulty sleeping

Stages of sleep cycle

N3: stages 3 and 4

• Vital signs are lower during waking hours, called slow-wave sleep, deepest stage of sleep, sleeper is difficult to arouse and rarely move, brain and muscle activity are significantly decreased

What cause cause delay in falling asleep in older adults?

Arthritis, changes in the CNS, insomnia, co-morbid mental health or medical conditions, medications, use of drugs, alcohol

Sleep assessment

Tool for assessing sleep quality, epworth sleepiness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index

Preschooler sleep needs

12 hours a night (about 20% is REM), may frequently wake up throughout the night (partial awakening) whic includes brief crying, walking around, unintelligible speech, sleepwalking, or bed-wetting