Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, focusing on the Krebs cycle and associated processes.

Pyruvate

End product of glycolysis that can enter the mitochondria under aerobic conditions.

Krebs Cycle (TCA Cycle)

Final common pathway for the oxidation of fuel molecules, operating in the mitochondrial matrix under aerobic conditions.

Acetyl-CoA

Product formed from the oxidation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH).

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH)

Multi-enzyme complex responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, involving oxidative decarboxylation. Includes pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoly transacetylase, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Enzyme that catalyzes the first oxidative decarboxylation in the Krebs cycle, converting isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate.

NADH

Reduced form of NAD+, produced during various metabolic reactions as an electron carrier.

GTP

High-energy compound formed during the hydrolysis of the thioester bond in the Krebs cycle.

Oxidative Decarboxylation

The process of removing a carboxyl group and producing CO2, while also generating NADH during metabolic reactions.

Fumarate

Intermediate in the Krebs cycle, converted from succinate by succinate dehydrogenase.

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

The formation of ATP or GTP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP or GDP.