respiratory zone - 3. respiratory membrane

The principal organs of respiration small, air-filled chambers where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place

Conical in shape, with its base resting on the diaphragm and its apex extending to a point approximately 2.5 cm superior to the clavicle

These are attached to the mediastinum by the roots of the lungs – arrangement: pulmonary artery, sup and inf pulmonary veins, main bronchus

Hilum – is a region on the medial surface of the lung

main bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, enter or exit the lung

LUNGS

The principal organs of respiration small, air-filled chambers where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place

LUNGS

Conical in shape, with its base resting on the diaphragm and its apex extending to a point approximately 2.5 cm superior to the clavicle

LUNGS

Conical in shape, with its base resting on the _____ and its apex extending to a point approximately 2.5 cm superior to the clavicle

diaphragm

Conical in shape, with its base resting on the diaphragm and its apex extending to a point approximately 2.5 cm superior to the _____

clavicle

These are attached to the mediastinum by the roots of the lungs – arrangement: pulmonary artery, sup and inf pulmonary veins, main bronchus

LUNGS

Lungs are attached to the _____ by the _____ – arrangement: pulmonary artery, sup and inf pulmonary veins, main bronchus

mediastinum; roots of the lungs

is a region on the medial surface of the lung

Hilum –

larger, heavier, shorter, wider

right lung

3 lobes

right lung

2 fissures: horizontal and oblique

right lung

10 bronchopulmonary segments

right lung

(-) cardiac notch

right lung

smaller, lighter, longer, less wide

left lung

2 lobes

left lung

1 fissure; oblique

left lung

9 bronchopulmonary segments

left lung

(+) cardiac noth

left lung

The terminal bronchioles divide to form respiratory bronchioles, which give rise to alveolar ducts, and end as two or three alveolar sacs which are chambers connected to two or more alveoli

Small, air-filled chambers where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place

Approximately 300 million alveoli are in the two lungs

Contains elastic fibers – allow alveoli to expand during inspiration and recoil during expiration

Lungs retain some air even not inflated, which gives them a spongy quality

the epithelium of the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles is not ciliated - debris from the air removed by macrophages

ALVEOLI

The terminal bronchioles divide to form respiratory bronchioles, which give rise to alveolar ducts, and end as two or three alveolar sacs which are chambers connected to two or more alveoli

ALVEOLI

The _____ divide to form respiratory bronchioles, which give rise to alveolar ducts, and end as two or three alveolar sacs which are chambers connected to two or more alveoli

terminal bronchioles

The terminal bronchioles divide to form _____ which give rise to alveolar ducts, and end as two or three alveolar sacs which are chambers connected to two or more alveoli

respiratory bronchioles,

The terminal bronchioles divide to form respiratory bronchioles, which give rise to ______, and end as two or three alveolar sacs which are chambers connected to two or more alveoli

alveolar ducts

The terminal bronchioles divide to form respiratory bronchioles, which give rise to alveolar ducts, and end as _____which are chambers connected to two or more alveoli

two or three alveolar sacs

The terminal bronchioles divide to form respiratory bronchioles, which give rise to alveolar ducts, and end as two or three alveolar sacs which are chambers connected to _____

two or more alveoli

Small, air-filled chambers where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place

ALVEOLI

Approximately _____alveoli are in the two lungs

300 million

Lungs retain some air even not inflated, which gives them a _____ quality

spongy

the epithelium of the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles is not ciliated - debris from the air removed by _____

macrophages

allow alveoli to expand during inspiration and recoil during expiration

elastic fibers –

Two types of cells form the alveolar wall. What are these?

type I and II

are thin squamous epithelial cells that form 90% of the alveolar surface; where most of the gas exchange between alveolar air and the blood takes place

Type I pneumocytes

produce surfactant, which make it easier for the alveoli to expand during inspiration

Type II pneumocytes

It is where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place.

It is formed mainly by the alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

It is where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place.

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

It is formed mainly by the alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

It is where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place.

It is formed mainly by the alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

It is formed mainly by the alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

The respiratory membrane is very thin to facilitate diffusion of gases. It consists of several layers:

1. A thin layer of fluid lining the alveolus

2. The alveolar epithelium composed of simple squamous epithelium

3. The basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium

4. A thin interstitial space

5. The basement membrane of the capillary endothelium

6. The capillary endothelium, composed of simple squamous epithelium