Bonds, Angles and the greenhouse effect

The mass of an atom is due to what two parts?

The protons and the nuetrons

What is he atomic mass standard based off of?

The Carbon 12 Isotope

What is the relative atomic mass?

Relative atomic mass is how heavy an atom is compared to carbon-12, which is used as the standard.

What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element, but with different amount of nuetrons.

What is avagardos number?

Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³, which represents the number of atoms, molecules, or particles in one mole of a substance.

What is a mole?

A mole is a way to count 6.022 × 10²³ particles of a substance in chemistry.

How to convert elements into gmoles

Atomic mass = gmoles. If H20, add both together. H=1, since theres 2 itll equal 2. Then oxygen is 16 atomic mass. so 18 gmol for H20

Based on our distance from the sun and the amount of radiation that reaches us what should our planet be like?

Much colder, but the earths atmosphere traps heat so it isnt.

what happens to the energy from the sun as it reaches our planet.

(give percent)

About 30% is reflected back into space, and the other 70% absorbed.

Explain, using the forms of energy, why your car sitting in the sun gets hot

Your car gets hot because sunlight's radiant energy is absorbed and turned into thermal energy, which gets trapped inside.

What is the greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect happens when heat from the sun gets trapped by gases in Earth's atmosphere, warming the planet.

How much radiation does our atmosphere trap?

~25%

Why is venus so hot?

Due to the sheer amount of Carbon Dioxide.

Examples of Greenhouse gases

CO2, methane, water vapor, ozone

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

This is just saying from us as human contributing even more with our actvities here in earth and exacerbating the issue.

If we double the CO2 in our atmosphere, what impact will it have on our planet’s temperatures?

Temperatures could rise an average of 3C more.

Explain why molecules like methane are “bent”.

It seems "bent" because if its shape, which is a tetrahedral. The hydrogens all repel each other forming this structure.

In a methane tetrahedral, what do the dotted lines mean? Solid?

The dotted lines represent are away from us, and the solid are towards us.

If a molecule has a lone pair how does the space of this differ from that of a bonding pair?

Lone pair will occupy more space because of its strong repulsion.

Is CO2 bent?

No. CO₂ is straight because its bonds are symmetrical, so it's not bent.

Polarity of ammonia