Biology: Chap. 12

Flashcards from lecture notes on PCR and DNA analysis.

Homozygous Recessive

Individuals with two copies of a mutation, preventing DNA cutting by restriction enzymes, resulting in a fragment size similar to the original PCR product.

Heterozygous

Individuals with one copy of the uncut DNA and one copy of the cut DNA, resulting in two different fragment sizes after restriction enzyme digestion.

DNA Analysis Starting Point

A process used to analyze or manipulate DNA, often starting with PCR to amplify the region of interest.

Power of PCR

Amplifying a specific region of DNA from a small starting sample with high specificity.

PCR Product

The resulting amplified DNA fragment from a PCR reaction, which may or may not be cut by restriction enzymes depending on the individual's genotype.

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, used to distinguish between different DNA sequences or genotypes after PCR amplification.

Nasal Swab

A test that uses a brush to collect cells and genetic material (including viruses and bacteria) from the nasal cavity.

PCR Primers (for Virus Detection)

Highly specific DNA or RNA sequences designed to bind only to the genetic material of the target virus, enabling its detection via PCR.

PCR amplification

Technique to amplify the region of interest of DNA for any application or test.

Expected Knowledge for Examination on PCR

Understanding the steps of PCR, the enzymes used, and how the process works.