Chapter 5.2: Development & Aging in Phonation

A set of flashcards covering key concepts in the development and aging of phonation.

At what week does the laryngotracheal diverticulum form?

Week 4

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to the respiratory system?

4th pharyngeal arch

What structure forms by week 5 to separate the trachea and esophagus?

Tracheoesophageal tube

Which vocal fold layer is present at birth?

Superficial Lamina Propria (SLP) only

When do all 3 vocal fold layers appear?

Between ages 7–10

What happens to vocal folds during puberty?

Increase in mass and length, especially in males

What effect does increased mass have on fundamental frequency?

It lowers the frequency

What type of fibers are found in the ILP?

Elastin fibers

In older adults, what happens to elastin and collagen in the vocal folds?

Elastin decreases, collagen increases

Approximate vocal fold length at birth?

~4 mm

What percentage of its adult size is the larynx at birth?

~33%

Where is the hyoid bone located at birth?

C2/C3

Where is the larynx located by age 2?

C6/C7

Which laryngeal cartilage does not ossify with age?

Epiglottis

What is presbyphonia?

Age-related voice changes

What is presbylarynx?

Age-related structural changes in the larynx

Which muscle weakens with age, leading to breathiness?

Thyroarytenoid

What happens to SLN and RLN with age?

Decreased conduction → reduced motor control

What happens to F₀ in older adult males?

It increases

Which acoustic feature increases with age?

Vocal jitter