Pe-osteoclasts, osteoblast and synovial fluid (copy)

two types of bone cells responsible for remodelling of bone

Osteoblasts And Osteoclasts

Osteoblasts function

responsible for the building and growth of bone tissue in response to stress placed upon the bone.

Osteoclasts function

responsible for breaking down and removing old and weakened bone tissue, making way for stronger bones.

why does osteoblast activity increase

• in response to mechanical stress of weight bearing exercise where the body is working against gravity, including weightlifting and running

• stimulates the bone, resulting in improved bone

  strength and density

Non weight bearing activitIes

swimming and rowing, where gravity does not influence the body, do not increase osteoblast activity

What are osteoblasts

immature cells that make bone.

What do osteoblasts produce

• matrix that then becomes mineralised.

• When loading bone during exercise, calcium in the blood is absorbed and encourages bone formation.

Why does osteoclast activity increase

response to elevated calcium concentration within the blood (at rest)

Bone density increases due to

placing stress on the bone when completing weight bearing exercise. this can help to reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis. Exercise stimulates the bones to take up more minerals.

Osteoclast activity will increase as a result of this, which will lead to an overall strengthening of the bone.

Synovial joints

1. knee

2. elbow

3. shoulder

4. Hip

5. Ankle

Synovial fluid function

lubricates the joints. This reduces friction between the hyaline cartilage of articulating bones during movement.

Act of exercise on joints

• mobilises

• Increase production of synovial fluid

• Increase blood flow

How does exercise improve mobility in joints

• essential to maintain joint mobility

• Avoids joint stiffness

Why does increased production of synovial fluid improve performance

When warmed and becomes less viscous, joint mobility increases and a better range of movement

How does increased blood flow in joints improve performance

increases blood flow to the surrounding tissues of the joint, supplying nutrients and maintaining joint health.

Hyaline cartilage

covers the ends of articulating bones. It smooths and eases gliding movement between the bone ends.

joint capsule

This is a fibrous tissue that encases the joint

Ligaments

white fibrous connective tissue, joining bone to bone. They restrict the amount of movement that can occur at the joint

Synovial membrane

the synovial membrane acts as a lining to the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid

Synovial fluid fills the joint capsule; it nourishes and lubricates the articular cartilage.