fundmentals of computing test

What is hardware?

Physical parts of a computer that you can touch.

What is software?

Programs/instructions that tell a computer what to do.

What does CPU stand for?

Central Processing Unit.

What does the CPU do?

It processes instructions and information.

What is a motherboard?

The main circuit board that connects the computer's components.

What is an input device?

A device used to send data or information into a computer.

What is an output device?

A device that presents information from a computer to the user.

What was an early computing device?

The abacus.

What is a programming language?

A language used to write instructions for a computer.

What are comments in code?

Notes written in code to explain what the code does.

What is lowerCamelCase?

A naming style where the first word starts lowercase and each following word starts with an uppercase letter.

What is Karel?

A programming environment/robot used to learn programming concepts.

What are basic Karel commands?

move, putBall, takeBall, and turnLeft.

What commands does Super Karel add?

turnRight and turnAround.

What direction can Karel NOT face?

Northwest.

What is indentation?

Spacing used to show the structure of code.

What key can be used to indent code?

The TAB key.

What is a function?

A named group of instructions that performs a task.

What must happen before you can call a function?

The function must be defined.

What is an IP address?

An address used to identify a device on a network.

What are fiber optic cables used for?

They transmit information over long distances using light.

What is the digital divide?

The gap between people who have access to technology/internet and those who do not.

What is a packet?

A small unit of data sent across a network.

What information can be included in a packet's label?

A FROM address, TO address, and order number.

What does a router do?

It directs packets between networks.

What does DNS stand for?

Domain Name System.

What does DNS do?

It translates domain names into IP addresses.

What is latency?

The time it takes for data to travel from a sender to a receiver.

Is low or high latency better?

Low latency.

What is redundancy in a network?

Having multiple paths so information can still travel if one path fails.

What is a histogram useful for?

Showing the frequency or distribution of data.

What is phishing?

A trick used to get people to give away private or sensitive information.

What is ransomware?

Malicious software that blocks access to data or systems and demands payment.

What does CIA stand for in cybersecurity?

Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

What is a privacy policy?

A policy explaining how a company collects, uses, and may share data.

What is cyberbullying?

Using electronic communication to bully another person.

What is a digital footprint?

The trail of information and activity a person leaves online.

What is legal hacking?

Authorized security testing, such as penetration testing.

What does HTML stand for?

HyperText Markup Language.

What is HTML used for?

Creating the structure of webpages.

What symbols are used around HTML tags?

Angle brackets: < and >.

What does contain?

The visible content of a webpage.

What does

Sets the title of the webpage, commonly shown in the browser tab.

What does

create?

The largest heading.

What does

create?

An ordered list.

What does

represent?

A list item.

What does

---

create?

A horizontal line/rule.

What does the src attribute tell you?

The source/location of an image or other resource.