Module 5&6 flashcards using virtual lab question sets and quizzes

Identify the structure highlighted yellow and marked with an X in the image below

capsular space

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

left ureter

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

renal cortex

Identify the organ marked with the X in the image below. Note: be sure to use both words when naming this organ.

urinary bladder

identify the structure circled in the image below. Note: this must contain the full name

distal tubule

Which of the following is one of the processes in urine formation?

tubular secretion

tubular secretion involves the movement of substances…?

from capillary blood to tubular fluid

which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

renal papilla

Identify the structure highlighted in the image below. Note: this must contain the full name.

proximal tubule

identify the part of the kidney identified by the x in the image below

renal pyramid

the functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

what is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney?

renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries

Identify the structure indicated by the leader line in the image below. 

renal vein

which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

renal pelvis

which structure is indicated by the leader lines and highlighted?

urethra

identify the structure highlighted and marked with an X in the image below.

glomerulus

which structure is highlighted?

major calyx

which structure is highlighted?

left kidney

the two components of a nephron are the..?

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

what is the correct sequence of the renal tubule?

Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

which structure is circled and highlighted?

hilum

the main functions of the urinary system are?

removal of waste and regulation of water and electrolyte balance

what is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?

the detrusor muscle

which structure is highlighted?

fibrous capsule

which structure is highlighted?

minor calyx

what tube-like structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?

ureter

what is a by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver?

urea

the kidneys are located retroperitoneally. this means they are…?

behind the peritoneum

what are electrolytes?

molecules that release ions in water

which stage of urine formation involves the production of filtrate with the same composition as tissue fluid, while large molecules such as proteins and blood cells remain in the blood?

glomerular filtration

in order for urination to occur, the ____ must relax and the _____ must contract. (fill in the blanks)

1. urethral sphincters

2. detrusor muscle

intracellular fluids have high concentrations of which electrolyte?

Potassium (K+)

imagine you are doing a dissection in class. you need to cut open a kidney, but first you must remove a tough, fibrous membrane covering it. what is this structure?

renal capsule

after filtrate leaves the glomerular capsule, it flows into…?

the proximal convoluted tubule/proximal tubule

what is a normal constituent of urine?

creatinine

what is the name of the fluid found in tissue spaces?

interstitial fluid

water reabsorption from the proximal tubule is closely linked to the active reabsorption of what substance?

sodium ions

a ball of capillaries that filters blood within the nephron is called the…?

glomerulus

secretion occurs when substances pass from the…?

peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules

what is the name of the tube that conveys urine outside the body?

urethra

name the blood vessel that delivers blood to each glomerulus?

afferent arteriole

the renal corpuscle includes what two structures?

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

right ureter

What is the slightly indented part of the kidney (indicated by the X in the image below) called?

hilum

what hormone is secreted by the kidneys?

erythropoietin

identify the structure with the x in the image below?

renal pyramid

which stage of urine formation returns useful substances back into the blood?

tubular reabsorption

which structure is highlighted?

renal medulla

what is the correct sequence of renal tubule segments through which filtrate would flow?

Proximal tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal tubule

the secretion of which ions is important for regulating the pH of body fluids?

hydrogen

what are the organ of the urinary system?

the paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra

urine flows from the major calyces, into the renal pelvis, and then into which structure(s)?

ureter(s)

what is the product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases?

uric acid

name the renal process that occurs at the renal corpuscle?

filtration

where is the thirst center located?

brain

the active form of which vitamin is produced in the kidneys?

vitamin d

which structure is highlighted?

renal pelvis

identify the structure highlighted?

scrotum

what structure is highlighted?

fundus of uterus

what structure is highlighted?

seminiferous tubule

what structure is indicated by the leader lines?

lactiferous ducts

identify the structured highlighted?

prostate

identify the structure that is circled.

ovary

during which phase of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell?

anaphase ll

identify the tubular structure marked with an X.

ductus deferens

identify the organ highlighted.

uterus

which structure is indicated by the leader lines and highlighted?

zona pellucida

identify the structure highlighted.

epididymis

what structure is highlighted?

corpus cavernosum

identify the structure that is highlighted.

vagina

which structure is indicated by leader lines and highlighted?

labium majus

which structure is highlighted?

mons pubis

what structure is highlighted?

secondary ovarian follicle

what structure is highlighted?

uterine tubes

identify the structure that is circled.

testis

what is the overall purpose of meiosis?

to produce four genetically different haploid cells

the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids is called crossing-over and occurs during which phase of meiosis?

prophase l

during which phase of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes line up across from each other in the center of the cell?

metaphase l

what structure is highlighted?

clitoris

what structure is indicated by the leader line and highlighted?

primary oocyte

what structure is highlighted?

fimbriae

at the end of meiosis ll, there are…?

four haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid

identify the structure marked with an X.

seminal vesicle

what structure is highlighted?

cervix

what structure is highlighted?

glans penis

what structure is highlighted?

penis

the exchange of DNA between adjacent homologous chromatids is known as…?

crossing over

of the various classes of birth controls methods, what is the most effective?

surgical intervention

in a nonpregnant female, what is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone?

ovaries

what is the structure highlighted?

clitoris

what occurs in the first step of oogenesis?

Primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.

what hormone(s) is/are mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristcs?

estrogens

how many sperm cells form from a primary spermatocyte?

4

what are the primary sex organs?

testes in males; ovaries in females

A man is exposed to a virus which specifically targets and kills sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells). What effect will this have on spermatogenesis?

Spermatogenic cells will starve and cease development because they won’t receive the nutrients or support they need.

what is the definition of capacitation?

Weakening of the acrosomal membrane, conferring on the sperm the ability to fertilize an egg.

name the finger-like projections circled in the image below.

fimbriae

this structure guides the descent of the testes through the inguinal canal.

gubernaculum

the hypothalamus releases which of the following hormones that impact the reproductive system?

GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone)

during the female reproductive cycle, what triggers menstruation?

a decrease in blood levels of estrogens and progesterone