Week 13 - Grains

The plant and its fruit

Grain

The edible fruit part of the grain

Cereal

This organization focuses. The definition of grain on foods, made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, or another cereal grain.

USDA my plate

This organization defines grain as being the entire crop

Agriculture

What are the top three serial grains produced in the world

Corn, wheat and rice

These plants have been cultivated for centuries, even millennia in the same way and largely unchanged over the last several hundred years

Ancient grains

12 ancient grains

Quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat, Farro, spelt, Teff, barley, rye, millet, freekeh, kamut, kaniwa

What are the three structures of cereal grains

Endosperm, bran, germ

What is milling?

Separating the endosperm from the brain and germ, and then processing endosperm into flour, meal or grits

This is the process of cleaning, temping and grinding cereal, grains into flour

Milling

Four grains that contain gluten

Wheat, barley, rye, triticale

This is the hydrolytic chemical breakdown of starch by intense dry heat (Toasting bread)

Dextrinization

This is when heat is applied to a starch in water suspension the granules swell

Gelatinization

This occurs with continued heating of the start mixture beyond gelatinization

Pasting

This is a starch, mixed in a cool or cold liquid that does not clump and can then be added to hot liquid

Slurry

When would you use slurry?

When making gravy

What is the difference between whole wheat and enriched flour?

Whole wheat contains all three structures, is more nutritious and has a shorter shelflife than white flour.

White flower is just the endosperm and has vitamins and minerals added back into it

What is the difference between brown rice and white rice?

White rice is made by removing the germ and bran from whole-grain Brown rice

Does white or brown rice require more time to cook?

Brown rice

How was the term maze corn used in the US in the UK

US

• Corn - The food

• Maze - Agricultural term that refers to the crop

UK

• maize - The crop and the food

This is sprouted and dried from Brawley, then heated and browned

Malt

How is malt used

A source of carbs for yeast to produce alcohol, or as a food additive for color and flavor

What are some food safety issues relating to grains?

Leftover should be handled as any type of cooked food

They should not be eaten raw

Leftover cold rice should not be eaten