composites

What is a major disadvantage of growing crops for bio-polymers?

Growing crops for bio-polymers uses farmland, potentially increasing food prices.

Can bio-polymers come from genetically modified crops?

Yes, some bio-polymers can be made from GM crops.

Why might bio-polymers contribute to a throwaway culture?

They cannot be recycled, discouraging recycling habits.

What are common processing methods for bio-polymers?

Injection moulding, blow moulding, calendering, vacuum forming.

Why can the terms 'bio-polymer' and 'biodegradable polymer' be confusing?

They have different meanings but are often used interchangeably.

What is Corn starch polymer made from?

High-starch vegetables like corn, maize, and potatoes.

What is Corn starch polymer used for?

Packaging, straws, cups, disposable cutlery, takeaway containers.

What is Patatapak and what is it used for?

A potato starch-based bio-polymer; used in bowls, trays, packaging beads, bin bags.

What is Biopol (PHB) and what is its use?

A bacteria-derived bio-polymer used in packaging, nappies, stitches, pill coatings.

What is Polylactic acid (PLA) used for?

Packaging, bottles, carrier bags, medical sutures, plant pots, 3D printing.

What is PHA and what is it used for?

A bacteria-based bio-polymer used for medical applications like bone plates, patches.

What is a composite material?

A material made from two or more materials to enhance properties.

What is CFRP made from?

Carbon fibre and polyester or epoxy resin.

What are typical uses for CFRP?

Racing bikes, prosthetics, car bodies, tennis racquets.

What is GRP made from?

Glass fibre and polyester resin.

What is GRP used for?

Kayaks, boats, sports cars, pond liners.

What is tungsten carbide and its use?

A ceramic-metal (cermet) used for cutting tools like drill bits and knives.

What is aluminium composite board used for?

Sound-proofing, signage, thermal insulation in cars/buildings.

What are properties of reinforced concrete?

High compression and tensile strength, fire resistance, structural stability.

What are smart materials?

Materials that change physical properties in response to external stimuli.

What does nitinol (SMA) do?

Returns to original shape when heated; used in dental braces, stents.

What does thermochromic pigment do?

Changes color with temperature; used in thermometers, mugs, packaging.

What do phosphorescent pigments do?

Glow in the dark after absorbing light; used in signs, toys, watches.

What do photochromic pigments do?

Change color with light intensity; used in sunglasses, security markings.

What do piezoelectric materials do?

Generate electricity when compressed; used in lighters, sensors, greeting cards.

What are aramid fibres (Kevlar) used for?

Body armor, gloves, aerospace, puncture-resistant tyres.

What is precious metal clay (PMC)?

Clay with fine metal particles; used for jewelry and decorative items.

What is high density modelling foam used for?

3D modelling, prototypes, easily shaped using hand tools or CNC.

What is polymorph and how is it used?

Plastic that softens at 60°C; used for modelling, ergonomic grips, prototypes.