(1) Finiteness of Resources

Mining

It is a process of mineral extraction from the surface of the Earth, either from land or from the seas.

Mineral Deposit

• A confirmation of its presence

• There is a natural occurrence of a useful material

Ore Deposits

It must denote a mineral deposit of sufficient extent and concentration for it to be extracted

Philippines Mineral Deposits

Data from the Philippine Statistic Authority revealed that copper accounted for the bult of metallic mineral resources of about 72 while nickel at 16%.

Philippines Mineral Deposits

For non-metallic mineral resources, limestone and marble accounted for 39 and 29%, respectively.

Philippines Mineral Deposits

Gold reserves of the Philippines amounted to about 240 metric tons of gold metal.

Philippines Mineral Deposits

is also has one of the largest chromite deposits in the world.

The Marcopper Mining Disaster

Occured in the island of Marinduque in 1996 is one of the worst thing and environmental disaster in Philippine history.

Fossil Fuel Depletion

Is the decline of available fossil fuel in a well, field or geographic area.

Fossil Fuel Depletion

The reality is not that oil is depleting but rather that we are transitioning from a period of easily-accessible oil at low prices to an era supply is finite.

Deforestation

Is caused by shifting cultivation, land use conversion, forest fires, illegal logging, and 40 million m3 of fuelwood harvested each year.

Importance of Forest Ecosystem:

• Source of food

• Source of raw materials

• Climate control and modification

• Disaster risk reduction

• Source of medicine

• Tourism value

• Air and water purification

• Social and cultural value

Overfishing

This happens when a particular type of fish from a body of water is removed at a higher rate than they replenished in time of given area.

Poverty, Hunger and threats to Food Security

With the increasing global population, the levels of natural resource depletion are also increasing. As a consequence, poverty rises. Poverty is a deprivation of one’s basic needs due to lack of money to buy services or a lack of access to services.a

Undernourishment

The share of the population that is undernourished

Ex.
- Whose caloric intake is insufficient:

• Child wasting

• Child stunting

• Child mortality

Child Wasting

The share of children under the age of five who are wasted (i.e., who have low weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition)

Child Wasting

The share of children under the age of five who are wasted (Low weight for their height, acute undernutrition)

Child Stunting

The share of children under the age of five who are stunted (Low height for their age, chronic undernutrition)

Child Mortality

The mortality rate of children under the age of five (Fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments)

Food Security and its Main Threats

It exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

Food Security and its Main Threats

It is ensured when the following three conditions are simultaneously satisfied:

• Physical food availability

• Economical food availability

• The health value of a single food product

• Consumer food rations

Physical Food availability

The national food economy ensures meeting of at least the minimum physiological demand, and imports provide foods in excess of this minimum demand.

Economical Food Avalability

• It means that the economically weakest households have access to essential food.
  

• A consumer has the purchasing power to facilitate the purchase of the essential goods and services on the market.

The Health Value of a Single Food Product

This means that food products are free of any substances that are harmful to health.

Main Threat to Food Security

The food system is intensely challenged by the world population growth, increased food demands, scarcity of water and land resources, and the larger spread of arable land vis-a-vis bio-fuels, industry, and urbanization.

Ex:

• Population growth

• Increase demand for food

• Food price

• The disappearance of the variety of agricultural plant species

• The increase in the area of scarce water and the limitation of the availability of land

• The food losses and food waste