Quiz 1

Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of _______ in the circulation

angiotensin II

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with

hypothyroidism

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged QT intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of

hypoparathyroidism

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that

results from inadequate ADH secretion

Polythiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism because it

inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

A patient is admitted with respiratory distress and was rushed to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath, and a productive cough with yellow-green sputum. The physical examination of his lungs revealed crackles and wheezes in the lower lobes of his lungs accompanied with tachycardia and a bounding pulse. The arterial blood gas reveals the following: pH-7.31, PaC02-60, HC03-29. How would you interpret this acid-base imbalance?

Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

A 22-year-old nursing student is preparing for her first Pathophysiology/Pharmacology exam and and is admitted to the Emergency department with anxiety, stress and tachycardia. Her vital signs are the following: Bp 120/70, HR 120 and Respiratory rate is 36. The MD orders arterial blood gases and they are the following:   pH-7.50, PaC02-30, HC03-24. What is the acid-base imbalance?

Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

Which arterial blood gas values reflect a patient experiencing a partially compensated respiratory acidosis?

pH 7.23, PaCO2 53, HC03-28

Mr. T. was admitted to the hospital for severe diarrhea. His arterial blood gas (ABG) results on admission to the hospital were the following: pH 7.31. PaCO2 42, HCO3 19. The nurse assesses Mr T. and concludes based on his understanding of ABGs that Mr. T. has the following acid base imbalance.

Uncompensated Metabolic acidosis

The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium concentration of 110 mEq/L. The nurse should monitor the client for the development of which condition?

Confusion

Mr. B. has an nasogastric tube (NGT) in place after a surgical procedure to decompress his abdomen and decrease the chances of nausea and vomiting occurring? The RN observes large amounts of yellowish-green secretions flowing from the NGT and is concerned that Mr. B is at risk of developing the following acid-base imbalance:

Metabolic Alkalosis

An elderly patient was admitted to the hospital with irritability, loss of appetite and severe diarrhea for the last 3 days. The MD ordered arterial blood gases and the results revealed the following: pH-7.39, PaC02-27, HC03-19. How would the nurse assess these arterial blood gases?

Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated

What type of intravenous fluid would a patient with severe hyponatremia most likely be started on?

Hypertonic solution (3% NS)

A patient was brought to the emergency department of a hospital after she fell into the ground and hurt her left leg. She is noted to be tachycardic (HR greater than 100) and tachypneic (rapid breathing). Pain medication was given to lessen her pain. Suddenly, she started complaining that she is still in pain and now experiencing muscle cramps, numbness and tingling in her left leg. The arterial blood gases were ordered and reveal the following: pH-7.62, PaC02-31, HC03-25. What is the acid-base imbalance?

Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

An elderly client takes 40 mg of Furosemide (Lasix) twice a day. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most serious adverse effect of diuretic use?

Hypokalemia

A patient is admitted to the hospital after vomiting for 3 days. He is extremely dehydrated and on admission to the hospital his ABG results are the following: pH 7.50, PaCO2 42, HCO3-32. As a registered nurse how would you interpret his acid-base imbalance?

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

A client who is found unresponsive has arterial blood gases drawn and the results indicate the following: pH is 7.12, PaC02 is 90 mm Hg, and HCO3- is 22 mEq/L. The nurse interprets the results as indicating which condition?

Respiratory acidosis without compensation

Which of the following arterial blood gases represents a partially compensated metabolic alkalosis?

pH-7.47, PaC02-48, HCO3-29

Mrs. C. was admitted to the hospital with shallow respirations at a rate of 26. She is 5'4" tall, 350 pounds, and has periods of apnea when she falls asleep. The MD assesses her and she is diagnosed with morbid obesity. What acid-base imbalance is she at risk of developing?

Respiratory Acidosis

An older adult client admitted with heart failure and a sodium level of 113 mEq/L is behaving aggressively toward staff and does not recognize family members. When the family expresses concern about the client's behavior, the nurse would respond most appropriately by stating:

"The sodium level is low, and the confusion will resolve as the levels normalize."

The nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Which of the following ABG results indicate uncompensated respiratory acidosis

pH-7.20, PaC02-65mm Hg, HC03-26 mEq/L

A client is receiving supplemental oxygen. When determining the effectiveness of oxygen therapy, which arterial blood gas value is most important?

Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)

A client with hypoparathyroidism complains of numbness and tingling in his fingers and around the mouth. The nurse would assess for what electrolyte imbalance?

Hypocalcemia

Which type of fluids are the most beneficial to use when a patient is experiencing dehydration and/or hypovolemia?

Isotonic

A client who is being treated for pneumonia reports sudden shortness of breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the following values: pH 7.21, PaCO2-64 mm Hg, HCO3-24 mm Hg. Which condition does the ABG reflect?

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis