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Safer Sex Guidelines

Use latex condoms for every sexual encounter; lubricate with nonoxynol-9; avoid oil-based lubricants.

HIV Testing in New Relationships

New partners should undergo HIV testing; abstain from sexual activity for the first 6 months if positive.

Cycle of Violence

Consists of phases: Tension Building, Abusive Incident, Honeymoon Period.

Definition of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Physical or emotional abuse, sexual assault without explicit consent, and isolation.

Maternal Risk Factors During Pregnancy

Include infections, environmental risks, and age-related risks, especially for those over 35 years.

Naegele’s Rule

Calculating due date using the first day of the last menstrual period, adding 7 days, and subtracting 3 months.

GPTPAL Acronym

G = Gravida (total pregnancies); P = Para (births after 20 weeks); T = Term births; P = Preterm births; A = Abortions; L = Living children.

Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy

Increased blood volume, higher heart rate, decreased blood pressure during second trimester.

Hygiene During Pregnancy

Avoid raw fish, unpasteurized dairy, smoked seafood, and certain fish high in mercury.

Fetal Development Weeks 5-10

Development of blood, kidneys, nerve cells, essential organs begin to grow and heart now beats.

Biophysical Profile (BPP)

Assess how well the baby can function if born prematurely; low score may indicate fetal distress.

Categories of Medications in Pregnancy

Category A = no risk; Category X = contraindicated, known risk to fetus; others have varying risk levels.

Effects of Prenatal Substance Abuse

Can lead to low birth weight, respiratory issues, fetal alcohol syndrome, and neonatal withdrawal symptoms.

Common Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal in Infants

High-pitched cry, irritability, feeding difficulties, seizures, nasal flaring.

Commonly Abused Substances During Pregnancy

Include nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana; can severely impact fetal development.

Modes of Communication

Include verbal, nonverbal, electronic, and written communication.

Types of Communicators

Aggressive, Passive, Assertive; each type has distinct communication styles.

Backup Contraceptive Methods

Condoms, foam, diaphragm can all be combined for extra protection; use during specific situations.

Withdrawal Method as Contraception

Risk is present as pre-ejaculatory fluid can contain sperm.

RhoGAM Administration

Given to Rh- mothers at 28 weeks to prevent Rh antibodies in future pregnancies.

Signs of Pregnancy

Presumptive signs include amenorrhea, fatigue, breast tenderness; probable signs include urine tests and fetal movement.

Newborn Withdrawal Symptoms

High-pitched crying, tremors, poor feeding/nutrition, seizures.