AMERICAN EMT ACADEMY signs and symptoms

hypoglycemia

-Blood sugar reading BELOW Normal: 70-140 mg/dL

-Normal to SHALLOW respirations

-Diaphoresis

-Pale, Moist, cool, clammy skin

-Dizziness

- Headache

-RAPID pulse

-ALOC / AMS

- CAN be combative.

- IF left untreated, seizures, fainting, or a coma can result

-polyphagia

hyperglycemia

-Excessive Thirst

-Excessive Urination

-Blood sugar reading HIGHER than Normal: 70-140 mg/dL

-Abdominal Pain

-Dehydration

-Shortness of breath

-Confusion

-Nausea Vomiting.

respiratory distress

-Increased work of breathing (retractions, nasal flaring, accessory muscles)

- Tachypnea or Bradypnea

-Tripod position

-Unable to speak full sentences

-Cyanosis (LATE SIGN)

-AMS (Altered mental status)

heat exhaustion

-Dizziness, Weakness, Faintness

-Nausea Vomiting

-Headache

-Cool, Clammy Skin with ashen pallor

-Dry tongue and thirst

-Normal Vitals

-Normal or slightly elevated Body temperature

heat stroke

-Hot DRY flushed skin (NOT ALWAYS)

-AMS (seizure or coma)

-Strong pulse at first then weakens later

-No sweating (classic)

-High body temp- typically >104°F (40°C)

anaphylaxis

-Uticara (hives)

-flushed skin

-Wheezing

-Laryngeal Edema (Closing Airway)

-Decreasing Blood pressure

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

-Results from Hyperglycemia in TYPE 1 diabetes

-Hyperglycemia

-Kussmaul respirations

-Polyuria/phagia

-Nausea Vomiting

-Abdominal Pain

-Confusion

-Dehydration

-MORE SEVERE >250 g/dl SUGAR

left-sided heart failure

-Pulmonary Edema

-Crackles/Rales in lungs

-Dyspnea

-Orthopnea

- Pink FROTHY Sputum

-Tachypnea

right-sided heart failure

-Peripheral edema (especially in legs/ankles)

-JVD (jugular vein distention)

-Ascites (fluid in abdomen)

-Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)

(RIGHT = REST OF BODY CONGESTION)

asthma

-wheezing

-bronchospasm/constriction

-Dyspnea

-Chest tightness

-Coughing

-tripod position

- Accessory muscle use

upper GI bleed

-Hematemeses (Vomit Blood)

-Usually, a Coffee ground stool is due to digestion

- Nausea / Vomiting ( Blood is irritating to the digestive tract )

lower GI bleed

Bright Red stool.

stroke

-Facial droop

-Slurred Speech

-Blurred Vision

-Arm drift

pneumonia (infection)

-Dyspnea

-Fever

-Cough

-chills

-Green, red or rust colored sputum

-Localized Wheezing or crackles

Narcotic overdose

-miosis (pinpoint pupils)

-Shallow breathing

-Altered LOC / AnOx0

-Bradycardia

-Bradypnea or severe cases Apnea

pulmonary edema

-Dyspnea

-Pink frothy Sputum

-Cyanosis

-Tachycardia

-Orthopenia

-PINK frothy sputum if severe

-IF it tells you inhaled something or drowned with no history of CHF, think Primary pulmonary edema, NOT Left-sided heart failure

preclampsia

-Edema

-Headache

-RUQ pain (liver)

-HYPERTENSION !

-Visual disturbances

- Protein in urine

eclampsia

SYMPTOMS ARE ALL THE SAME AS Preclampsia BUT what makes it different now is the presence of SEIZURES!

SEIZURES + preeclampsia

stridor sound

high pitched turbulent sound on inhalation and exhalation (SEAL BARK COUGH)

-croup

-epiglottis

wheezing sound

high-pitched whistling sound during breathing

-Lower airway issue

-Pneumonia

-Asthma

-COPD (emphysema and bronchitis)

-Anaphylaxis

crackles/rales sound

sound like salt dropped onto a hot pan or like cellophane being crumpled or like Velcro being torn open

-Pulmonary Edema

-CHF

-Pneumonia

croup

-Below vocal cord

-stridor

-Bark seal Cough

-Fever

Pertussis (whooping cough)

-Whoop like cough

-Fever

-Coughing spells

epiglottitis

-above the vocal cord

-tripod stance

-stridor

-drooling

tension pneumothorax

-Severe dyspnea

-ALOC

-JVD

-Late signs: Tracheal deviation/shock

pneumothorax

-Pleuritic CP (sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that worsens with breathing)

-dyspnea

-tachypnea

-tachycardia

-hypoxia

-cyanosis (late)

-Hemoptysis

-Decreased blood flow (perfusion ) —> shock

spontaneous pneumothorax

-Sudden onset of sharp pleuritic chest pain

-Sudden shortness of breath (dyspnea)

-decreased breath sounds on one side

-tachypnea

-tachycardia

-Often occurs in tall, thin males or COPD patients

-No obvious trauma

(EASY TO TELL SUDDEN AND NO TRAUMA OR WHITE MALE)

respiratory pattern: kussmauls

Deep rapid, labored breathing caused by DKA

respiratory pattern: ataxic/biots

-irregular rate & depth, unpredictable

-periods of apnea (no breathing)

-Caused by brainstem damage or increased ICP

respiratory pattern: Cheyne-Stokes

-Crescendo-decrescendo pattern

-Breathing increases in depth/rate → slows → apnea → repeat

-Common in stroke, brain injury, or end-of-life

hyperventilation symdrome

causes alkalosis

Peritonitis

-Caused by hollow organ rupture

-Acute abdomen ( sudden abdominal pain)

-Ileus (stoppage of peristalsis)

-Nausea, vomiting

-Tachycardia, hypotension (SHOCK SIGNS)

-Distension

-Fever

cholecystitis

-RUQ Gallbladder problem

-Pain in RUQ or mid-abdominal region may radiate to right upperback shoulder area or flank

-Nausea vomiting

-Indigestion (especially after eating irritation)

-Bloating

-Gas

-Belching

cystitis

-Hematuria (blood in urine)

-Lower abdominal pain or pelvic discomfort

-Urgency to urinate

-Frequent or painful burning urination

-Foul-smelling urine

-Sometimes fever

appendicitis

-Dull pain around umbilicus

-RLQ pain

-Nausea vomiting

-Anorexia (loss of appetite )

-REBOUND TENDERNESS ***

Pancreatitus

-Severe pain in upper left and upper right quadrants

-Pain can radiate to back

-Abominable distension

-tenderness

-Nausea vomiting

meningitis

-Headache

-Stiff neck

-Fever

-Altered LOC

-Apnea

-Cyanosis

-High-pitched cry

-Hypothermia

pulmonary embolism

-Acute sharp chest pain

-Sudden onset of →

-Dyspnea, tachycardia and tachypnea

-Degrees of hypoxia

-Cyanosis

-Hemoptysis

-Decreased blood flow (hypotension)

-Clear lung sounds***

diagnostic quality of pediatric fontanelles

-Sunken fontanelles = Dehydration or hypovolemic shock

-Flat and soft when baby is calm and upright

- Bulging fontennelle = Increased ICP

Paradoxical breathing indicates ......

Flail chest

-indicates 2+ broken ribs

- Chest wall detachment

- that segment moves opposite the rest of the chest during breathing = paradoxical movement