Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions from lecture notes on statistical inference, hypothesis testing, and error types.

Population Proportion

The true proportion of a characteristic in a population.

Hypothesis Testing

A statistical method used to evaluate a claim or hypothesis about a population parameter.

Significance Level (α)

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true (Type I error).

Slope of Regression Line

The change in the predicted value of the dependent variable for every one-unit increase in the independent variable.

Chi-Squared Test

A statistical test used to examine the association between categorical variables.

Type 1 Error

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. Also known as a false positive.

Type 2 Error

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. Also known as a false negative.

Power

The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.

Confidence Interval

A range of values that is likely to contain the true population parameter with a certain level of confidence.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

A value that determines the shape of the t-distribution and chi-square distribution, depends on the sample size and the number of parameters being estimated.

Expected Counts Condition

For chi-squared tests, all expected counts must be greater than or equal to 5.

Linear Regression

A statistical method used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables by fitting a linear equation to observed data

Normal Distribution

A continuous probability distribution which is symmetrical around the mean, and has a bell shape