Rutgers Medical Terminology FINAL

Prenatal

before birth

Endoscopy

visual examination inside a body cavity or organ

Gastroenterologist

a specialist that studies the structure, functions, disease and pathology of the stomach and intestines

Neuritis

inflammation of a nerve

painful and sometimes loss of function

Sclerosis

abnormal hardening of the body tissue

Lateral

referring to the side

Distal

far; distant

Abdominal

the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

Nephrologist

a medical doctor who specializes in kidney care

Neuroma

tumor or mass growing from a nerve and usually consisting of nerve fibers

Surgical

relating to surgery

Cytology

the study of cells

Down Syndrome

a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21

Metastasis

the new cancer site that result from the spreading process

Diaphoresis

profuse sweating or perspiring

Onychomalacia

the abnormal softness of the fingernails or toenails

Pediculosis

infestation with lice

Dermatologist

a skin specialist

Subungual

situated or occuring underneath a toenail or fingernail

Causalgia

severe burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve

Osteopenia

reduced bone mass

less severe than osteoporosis

Podiatrist

a foot, ankle and structures of the leg specialist

Anticoagulant

an agent that is used to prevent the formation of blood clots

Imminosuppressant

any agent that weakens the immune system

Phagocytic Cells

type of cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria and dead or dying cells

Macrophages

these are key players in the immune response to foreign invaders of the body, such as infection microorganisms

Normally found in the liver, spleen and connective tissues of the body

ELISA

a rapid immunochemical test that involves an enzyme used for measuring wide variety of tests of body fluids

Detects substances that have antigenic properties, primarily proteins rather than small molecules and ions, such as glucose and potassium

STD's

a sexually transmitted disease

Stethoscope

a medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing

Erythrocytes

red blood cells

Leukopenia

a reduction in the number of white cells in the blood

typical of various diseases

Hematologist

a blood and blood-forming organs specialist

Hemolysis

the rupture or destruction of red blood cells

Tachycardia

an abnormally rapid heart rate

Serratus

the muscle that originates on your upper rib cage and attaches to the medical border of your shoulder blade

help protract or reach you arm out in front of you

Dura mater

the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

-penia

deficiency; lack of

Urethrorrhaphy

suture of the urethra for an injury or fistula

Polyuria

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine

Hypospadias

a congenital condition in males and females where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis or urethra is on the vagina wall

Dysuria

painful or difficult urination

Uretereostenosis

stricture or narrowing of a ureter

Nephrosis

kidney disease

characterized by edema and loss of protein from plasma into the urine

Cystoplasty

surgical repair of the bladder

Phlebo

"vein"

Cystolith

a stone located within the urinary bladder

Lithotripsy

a treatment, typically using ultrasound shock waves, by which a kidney stone or other calculus is broken into small particles that can be passed out by the body

Urologist

a urinary tract specialist and male reproductive organs specialist

Prostatomegaly

a medical condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate

Orchidectomy

surgical removal of one or both testicles

Oligospermia

low sperm count

Azoospermia

absence of sperm in the semen

Cryptorchidism

a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum

Incontinence

lack of control of bladder and bowel movements

Dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation, typically involving abdominal cramps

Endometriosis

a condition resulting from the appearance of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and causing pelvic pain

Amenorrhea

an abnormal absence of menstruation

Oophoritis

inflammation of an ovary

Ovariorhexis

rupture of an ovary

Metrorrhexis

rupture of the uterus

Pyomelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Colostomy

A surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus

Asthma

a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes

Tuberculosis

An infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body.

Pulmonologist

A physician who specializes in the diseases and disorders of the lungs and respiratory system

Adenectomy

Surgical removal of a gland

Dyspnea

Difficult breathing

Cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood

Hypoxia

lack of oxygen

Asphyxia

a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen causing unconsciousness or death or suffocation

Arrhythmias

Abnormal heart rhythms

Cardiologist

A heart specialist

Angio

relating to the blood vessels

Myocardial Infarction

Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle

Dentalgia

pain in a tooth; toothache

Jaundice

A symptom of illness marked by yellow-orange discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood.

Icterus

Another term for jaundice

Anoxia

Absence of oxygen

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

-gram

a record or picture

Glycogenesis

the formation of glycogen from sugar

CPR

CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION

Phlebitis

Inflammation of the vein

Stenosis

Abnormal narrowing

Pulmonary

relating to the lungs

Edema

a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in he cavities or tissues of the body

Gynecologist

A doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system

Ectopic

Abnormal implantation of fertilized ovum out of uterine cavity

Qid

4 times a day

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Chiropractor

a health care professional that focuses on the disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system

Fontanel

Gaps between a baby's skull that slowly close up during the first 18 months of life

Osteosarcoma

Bone cancer

a tumor in the osteoblasts

Osteonecrosis

Death of bone tissue

Comminuted

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Myogram

A chart of the timing and strength of a muscle's contraction

Abduction

the movement of limb or other party away from the midline of the body

Strain

a force tending to pull or stretch something to an extreme or damaging degree

Dystaxia

difficulty in controlling voluntary movement from lack of voluntary movements

Hyperkinesia

abnormally increased muscle function or activity