Exam One Ch. Two

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70 Terms

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Types of tissue:
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
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Tissues are made of
cells and extracellular matrix
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Extracellular matrix is made of
protein fibers, water, minerals, nutrients, waste products.
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Epithelial cell types
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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What are squamous cells good for?
Exchange of gases, nutrients, waste products
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Where are cuboidal cells found?
Lining the ducts of many glands
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Where are columnar cells found?
lining the intestines
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What cells can have microvilli?
Columnar
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Epithelial Tissue function
protect, secretion, absorbtion
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Connective tissue function
connection, support, protection, movement, transport, storage, heat production
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Types of connective tissue
Fibrous, cartilage, bone, blood
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Types of fibrous connective tissue **cells**
Fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes, mast cells, adipocytes
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Types of fibrous connective tissue **fibers**
collagenous, reticular, elastic
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Fibrous connective tissue contains
cells, fibers, ground substance
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Types of fibrous connective tissue
Loose and dense
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Types of loose fibrous connective tissue
areolar, reticular, adipose
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Types of dense fibrous connective tissue
dense regular, dense irregular
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Connective tissue immune cells:
Leukocytes (WBC)
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large cells that produce the fibers and ground substance of fibrous connective tissue
fibroblasts
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phagocytic cells that look for, engulf, and destroy bacteria and viruses in fibrous connect tissue
macrophages
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Important part of immune system that monitors body for invasion and coordinates immune response in fibrous connective tissue
Leukocytes
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found near blood vessels and produce factors that promote blood flow in inflamed tissues
Mast Cells
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Collagenous fibers are made on
collagen
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collagenous fibers found in
tendons and ligaments
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reticular fibers are coated with
glycoproteins
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reticular fibers are found in
some organs for structural support
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Elastic tissue is found in
skin and lung tissue
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Ground substance is made of
carbohydrates, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
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many randomly oriented fibers (COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN). relatively few fibers, lots of ground substance
areolar
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loosely arranged and tissue possesses many lymphocytes
reticular
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Collagen fibers are densely packed and parallel to each other, very strong
Dense regular tissue
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collagen fibers are densely packed but run in random directions. Allows tissue to absorb pressure and resist mechanical stress. Commonly found beneath skin and surrounding internal organs. Very little ground substance, very few visible cells, tightly packed collagen fibers are randomly arranged.
Dense irregular
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Chondroblasts are found in
cartilage
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cells of cartilage that secrete the matrix
chondroblasts
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Cartilage Types
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
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Hyaline cartilage is surrounded by
perichondrium
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Hyaline cartilage is a precursor to
osseous tissue
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All bones are covered by fibrous tissue called
Periosteum
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Types of osseous tissue
spongy (cancellous), and compact
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Bone cells are called
Osteocytes
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Osteocytes live in
lacunae
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Haversian canal is in ( ) and holds ( )
osseous tissue, blood vessels and nerves
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Fluid connective tissue:
Blood
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Blood connective tissue functions
transport materials, protective immune function
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Leukocytes are in
blood
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The non-cellular ground substance in blood is called
plasma
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Formed elements of blood:
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
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Cells of blood responsible for transport of O2 and CO2
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) (no nucleus)
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Nervous tissue is responsible for
carrying electrical signals (action potential)
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Cells of nervous tissue
Neurons and glial cells (neuroglia)
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Neuron Anatomy
Soma (body), Dendrites (receivers), Axon (senders)
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Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
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Muscle cells are designed to
contract when stimulated
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Actin and Myosin parallel protein fibers cause striations on this muscle tissue, multi-nucleated:
skeletal
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Cardiac muscle cells are called
myocytes
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Myocytes (cardiac) are
striated, one-nuclear, have intercalated disks
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Smooth muscle
do not have striations, one centered nucleus.
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Types of cell junctions
Tight, junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
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Gland types by secretion
serous, mucous, mixed, cytogenic
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Modes of secretion
Merocrine - release via duct

Holocrine - release via cell disintegrating
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Fibrocartilage can be found in
intervertebral discs
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Which muscle tissue contains fibers with multiple nuclei?
Skeletal
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Which of the following tissues is specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation?
Adipose
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The reticular layer of the dermis consists of what kind of tissue?
Dense irregular connective tissue
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Which tissue consists of short, branched cells with intercalated discs?
Cardiac muscle
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The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by
chondroblasts
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_________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.
Fibroblasts
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Which tissues are excitable?
muscular and nervous
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produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes
Goblet cells
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