Biochem terms exam 1

fall 23 khan

Strong

The ph of a buffer solution will not change much if a ____ base is added

Weak, acid

In a buffer made with _____ acid, and it's conjugate base, the conjugate base can neutralize any added ____

Weak, base

In a buffer made with _____ acid, and it's conjugate base, the weak acid can neutralize any added ____

Resist

A buffer solution can ____ changes in ph by neutralizing acids/bases

pH

pKa + log ( A- / HA)

Ka

(H+)(A-) / (HA)

-log

To find ph when you know pKa (or ka) and using a pKa table you use

A-=HA

According to Henderson hasselbach the ph = the pKa when

Partially ionized

Weak acids are ______ in aqueous solution

4.0x10^-8

What is the hydronium ion concentration of human blood if the ph is 7.4

7.4

What is the pH of blood?

2.5x10-7

Hydroxide concentration of human blood with a ph of 7.4

Arginine

Which amino acid has a guanidino group?

Histidine

Which amino acid has an imidazole group?

Cysteine

Which of the following has a sulfhydryl group?

2'-deoxyribose

Nucleotides either a ribosome or a ______ residue

Nucleotide, nitrogenous

In a ______ the C1' atom of the sugar forms a glycosidic bond with a ________ base

Purine, pyrimidine

Nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides can be either a _______ or a _______

Sugar

There is a phosphate group on the ______

C3', C5'

Nucleotides contain phosphate groups bonded to the _____ or _____ atoms

Thymine

In DNA Adenine pairs with

Guanine

In DNA Cytosine pairs with

Hydrogen bonded

In double stranded dna, guanine is always _____ to cytosine

1952

The Hershey-chase experiment was tested in _____ by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

32P-labeled, 35S-labeled

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, the phage particle initially contained _______ DNA and a_____ shell

35S

The phage ghosts contained the (Hershey chase experiment )

32P

The bacteria contained the (Hershey chase experiment)

Higher

Denatured proteins are found at a _____ temp than native

DNA Fragment

PCR requires the template ______

Primers

PCR requires ______ flanking the region of interest

dNTPs

In order to perform PCR ______ is necessary

Polymerase

In order to perform PCR you need DNA _______

Plasmids

Small circular DNA molecules used to carry foreign DNA

Sticky ends

Restriction fragments that result when using EcoRI

Blunt ends

Restriction fragments that result when using EcoRV

Palindromic

As most restriction sites posses twofold rotational symmetry we commonly refer to these sequences as being

HA

Acid

C1'

"The c1 atom of the sugar forms a glycosidic bond with the nitrogenous base" - where is the mistake

A-

Base

No

Did chargoff mention uracil

True

A= U in rna but has nothing to do with chargoff

Cell lysis

The first step in protein purification

Very small

Proteins are generally present in ______ quantities

It's presence

Assays of proteins have to be highly sensitive to

Specific

Assays of proteins have to be ______ to the protein

Convenient

Assays of proteins have to be _____ to use

Highly sensitive

Immunochemical techniques are ______ techniques

Small, specific

Immunochemical techniques can readily detect _____ amounts of ______ proteins

Antibodies

Immunochemical techniques employs _____

commercially

Antibodies to many proteins are _____ available

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Hydrophobic residues

When proteins fold they tend to bury ____ in their core

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic

When proteins fold, their surface can contain what residues

Low

Salting IN occurs at relatively _____ salt concentrations

Surface

With Salting IN ions from the salt associative with the ____ of the protein

Increased

With salting IN the concentration of Free water is

Soluble

The net effect of salting IN is that the protein becomes more

High

Salting OUT occurs at relatively ____ salt concentrations

Solvent

With salting OUT ions from salt interact with the

Free water

Salting OUT decreases the the amount of

Insoluble, out

The net effect of salting OUT is that the protein becomes _____ and precipitates _____ of solution

Ligand

An ion exchange resin has a ____ with a positive or negative charge

Cation

_____ exchange chromatography utilizes a negatively charged resin

Anion

_____ exchange chromatography utilizes a positively charged resin

Opposite, stick

Proteins that have a charge _____ of the resin ____ to the column

Positively charged

DEAE-cellulose resins are

Anion exchanger

DEAE-cellulose resin is a/an

Basic

DEAE-cellulose resin is weakly

Diethylaminoethyl

DEAE in DEAE-cellulose resin stands for

Negatively charged

CM-cellulose resin is a _______ resin

Cation exchanger

CM-cellulose is a

Acidic

Cm-cellulose is weakly

Carboxymethyl

The cm in cm-cellulose resin stands for

Exclusion, sieve

Gel filtration is also called size _____ and molecular _____ chromatography

Stationary, hydrated

The ______ phase of gel filtration chromatography contains ______ gel beads

varying sizes

The gel beads in gel filtration chromatography have pores of

Ionizable group

Cm-cellulose resin has a carboxtmethyl ____

ion exchange chromatography

Cm-cellulose design is what type of chromatography

Heaviest

Sephadex G-200 elutes ____ proteins first

Lightest

Sephadex G-200 elutes _____ proteins last

Last protein

The largest relative elution volume with the sephadex G-200 will come from the

First protein

The smallest relative elution volume with the sephadex G-200 will come from the

Immobilized ligand

With affinity chromatography separation is based on a particular protein's affinity for an

Stationary, noncovalent

In affinity chromatography the proteins affinity for the ______ phase is based on tight ______ interactions

Protein of interest

in affinity chromatography the stationary phase contains a ligand that specifically binds the

Covalently, resin

With affinity chromatography the ligand is _____ bound to a solid _____ matrix

Paper

In paper chromatography the _____ is the stationary phase

Mobile

An organic solvent is used in paper chromatography as the _____ phase

Sample solution

In paper chromatography a few drops of the _____¥ are spotted on the paper 2 cm from the bottom

Smaller, further

_______ Molecules move ______ up the page than larger ones

sodium dodecyl sulfate

SDS In SDS-PAGE stands for

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

The PAGE in SDS-PAGE stands for

ethidium bromide

Used to stain DNA in gel electrophoresis so it can be visualized under UV light.

Acridine orange

stains DNA as a gel

Proflavin

a type of chemical mutagen that causes frameshift mutations and can stain DNA

Primary structure

The ______ is the amino acid sequence (protein) or base sequence (nucleic acid)

secondary structure

The ________ is the spatial arrangement of the backbone atoms influenced by interactions between residues that are near each other in the chain

Tertiary structure

The ___ is the 3-D structure of the entire chain

quaternary structure

The ____ involves two or more subunits that can be associated via noncovalent interactions and disulfide bonds

Dansyl chloride

Used to identify only the N-terminal of a protein