Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

Flashcards for Head and Neck Anatomy Lecture 1

Frankfort Horizontal Plane

The cranium is oriented so that the inferior margin of the orbit and the superior margin of the external auditory opening of the external acoustic meatus of both sides lie in the same horizontal plane.

Anatomical Planes

Includes the frontal (or coronal) plane, transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane, midsagittal plane, and parasagittal plane.

Neurocranium

The bony case of the brain which is divided into an internal surface of the calvaria and an internal surface of the skull base.

Central Nervous System

Brain + Spinal Cord

Brain

Forebrain + Brainstem + Cerebellum

Forebrain

Cerebral Hemispheres + Diencephalon

Cranial Nerves

Nerves that emerge from the cranial cavity via foramina or fissures in the basicranium.

Autonomic Pathways

Consist of two neurons that synapse in an autonomic ganglion.

Sympathetic Trunks

Vertically connect serial paravertebral ganglia and extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx.

White and Gray Rami Communicantes

Connect the ventral rami of the spinal nerves with the sympathetic trunk.

Intermediolateral Cell Column

Exists at spinal cord levels T1-L2 and mediates the entire sympathetic innervation of the body.

Inferior Limit of the Neck

Axial inlet is formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle. Neck extends from the base of the cranium superiorly to the thoracic and axillary inlets inferiorly.

Surface Anatomy

An anatomy modality dedicated to understanding the living body, anatomical features that can be studied without dissection, the study of the external anatomical features of the body, the study of anatomic structures that can be identified on the outside of the body, the study of external landmarks for deeper structures of the body.

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