MIDTERM - STS REVIEWER

Science

systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained

Science

a powerful tool for understanding the natural world, but it has limitations

Science

investigates testable, observable phenomena and does not make moral, aesthetic, or supernatural judgments

Science

____ primarily deals with things that can be observed and measured through experiments and data collection.

Limitation of Science

Science struggles with phenomena that are not readily quantifiable or observable, such as subjective experiences, consciousness, or purely abstract concepts.

Observable and Measurable Phenomena

Science primarily deals with things that can be observed and measured through experiments and data collection.

Inability to Make Value Judgments

Science can describe how things are, but it cannot determine what should be. It cannot make moral or ethical judgments about right and wrong, good or evil, or what is desirable or undesirable.

Focus on the Natural World

Science operates within the realm of the natural world, using natural explanations for natural phenomena. It cannot address questions of the supernatural, metaphysical, or spiritual.

Limitations in Explaining Ultimate Causes

Science can describe processes and mechanisms, but it often cannot explain the ultimate "why" behind them.

Limitations in Explaining Ultimate Causes

Science can describe the water cycle but may not be able to explain why water exists or why the universe operates under specific physical laws.

Human Interpretation and Bias

Scientific knowledge is subject to human interpretation, and scientists can be influenced by biases, assumptions, or prior beliefs.

Human Interpretation and Bias

Scientific knowledge is constantly evolving, and what is considered true today may be revised or overturned in the future.

Human emotion, creativity, expression

What is the focus of Arts?

Subjective, imaginative, interpretative

What is the method used in Arts?

To express, inspire, provoke thought

What is the purpose of Arts?

Painting, music, literature, performance

What is the output of Arts?

Based on creativity, style and emotional impact

How are Arts usually evaluated?

Fine arts, literature, philosophy and design

Give an example of Arts.

Natural phenomena facts and logic Method

What is the focus of Science?

Objective, experimental, evidence-based

What is the method used in Science?

To discover truth and explain how things work

What is the purpose of Science?

Theories, formulas, experiments, technologies

What is the output of Science?

Based on accuracy, proof, and repeatability

How is Science usually evaluated?

Biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics

Give an example of Science.

Modern Science

At the modern stage of social development science in the system of culture represents a social institution, within which objective knowledge of the surrounding world is gained, systemized and substantiated, and the ways of its efficient and optimal application in the people's practical activity are also determined.

Aspects of Science

A specific kind of cognitive activity of the subject

Aspects of Science

A system of objective knowledge of the surrounding world

Aspects of Science

A social institution in the form of higher educational and scientific establishments

Aspects of Science

A sphere of culture of a definite historical type

Scientific knowledge

____ should correspond to the definite criteria: to have a subject of scientific research, to be reproduced, to be objective, to have empirical and theoretical validity, to be logically conclusive and pragmatic.

Subtleties of Modern Science

Modern science is considered subtle because it often deals with phenomena that are not readily apparent or easily observed, requiring careful experimentation, analysis, and interpretation to uncover underlying principles and mechanisms. This subtlety arises from several factors, including the complexity of the natural world, the need for precise measurement and control, and the reliance on abstract mathematical models to describe and predict phenomena.