A&P 2 Hormones Exam 1

Growth Hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

hypothalamus hormone

• function: stimulates GH release

• target tissue: anterior pituitary

growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

hypothalamus hormone

• function: inhibits GH release

• target tissue: anterior pituitary

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

hypothalamus hormone

• function: stimulates TSH release

• target tissue: anterior pituitary

corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

hypothalamus hormone

• function: stimulates ACTH release)

• target tissue: anterior pituitary

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

posterior pituitary

• Function: retains water

• target tissue: kidney

• regulation: dehydration/high blood osmolarity increases ADH, having enough water decreases ADH

Oxytocin

posterior pituitary

• uterine contractions, milk let down

• target tissue: uterus, mammary glands

• regulation: uterine/cervical stretching or nipple stimulation increases oxytocin. more oxytocin causes more contractions/ milk letdown (positive feedback)

growth hormone (GH)

anterior pituitary

• function: growth and repair of tissues

• target tissue: all tissues

• regulation: GHRH increases GH, somatostatin decreases GH, GH/IGFs provide negative feedback

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

anterior pituitary

• function: stimulates thyroid hormones

• target tissue: thyroid gland\

• regulation: TRH increases TSH; T3/T4 decrease TSH

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

anterior pituitary

• function: stimulates adrenal cortex

• target tissue adrenal gland (cortex only)

• regulation: CRH increases ACTH, cortisol decreases ACTH

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

anterior pituitary

• function: stimulates testosterone and progesterone

• target tissue: ovary/testes

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

anterior pituitary

• function: estrogen and sperm cells

• target tissue: ovary testes

prolactin

anterior pituitary

• function: breast milk production

• target tissue: mammary glands

triiodothyronine (T3)

thyroid gland

• function: metabolism

• target tissue: all tissues

tetraiodothyronine (T4)/ Thyroxine

thyroid gland

• function: metabolism

• target tissue: all tissues

calcitonin

thyroid gland

• function: moves calcium from blood to storage

• target tissue: bone

• regulation: high blood Ca2+ increases calcitonin

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

parathyroid glands

• function: moves calcium from storage, intestine, kidney to blood

• target tissue: bone, intestine, kidney

• regulation: low blood Ca2+ increases PTH, higher Ca2+ decreases PTH

aldosterone

adrenal cortex

• function: moves sodium from kidney to blood

• target tissue: kidney

• regulation: low blood pressure increases aldosterone

cortisol

adrenal cortex

• function: breakdown fat/protein for energy; inhibit inflammation

• target tissue: most tissues

• regulation: stress increases cortisol, cortisol provides negative feedback to decrease CRH/ACTH

androgen class

adrenal cortex

• function: reproductive/puberty

• target tissue: many tissues

epinephrine

adrenal medulla

• function: sympathetic nervous activity

• target tissue: skeletal muscle, heart, lungs

• regulation: stress/sympathetic stimulation increases epinephrine release

norepinephrine

adrenal medulla

• function: sympathetic nervous activity

• target tissue: skeletal muscle, heart, lungs

insulin

pancreas

• function: move glucose from blood to storage

• target tissue: liver, skeletal muscle, adipose

• regulation: high blood glucose increases insulin, low blood glucose decreases insulin

glucagon

pancreas

• function: move glucose from storage to blood

• liver

• regulation: low blood glucose increases glucagon, high blood glucose decreases glucagon

melatonin

pineal gland

• function: sleep cycle control

• target tissue: brain

• regulation: darkness increases melatonin, light decreases melatonin

thymosin

thymus gland

• function: T cell maturity (immunity)

• target tissue: immune tissue

diabetes insipidus

hormone involved → ADH (low)

frequent urination (water loss)

gigantism

hormone involved → GH (high) (kids)

excessive growth of tissues

acromegaly

hormone involved → GH (high)

excessive growth of tissues (bones only wide)

dwarfism

hormone involved → GH (low)

depressed growth of tissues

hyperthyroid

hormone involved → T3/T4 (high)

metabolism high, weight loss, rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, hyperactivity, high body temperature

hypothyroid

hormone involved → T3/T4 (low)

metabolism low, low body temp, weigh gain, reduced heart rate, reduced blood pressure, dry skin

goiter

hormone involved → T3/T4 (high)

abnormal growth of thyroid

exophthalmos

hormone involved → T3/T4 (high)

bug eyed condition

myxedema

hormone involved → T3/T4 (low)

fluid buildup in face and body

Hashimoto disease

hormone involved → T3/T4 (low)

autoimmune disease of thyroid

leads to hypothyroidism

graves disease

hormone involved → T3/T4 (high)

possible autoimmune disease of thyroid

thyroid storm

hormone involved → T3/T4 (high)

post stress thyroid disorder

hypoparathyroid

hormone involved → PTH (low)

parathyroid glands make too little or no parathyroid hormone leading to low blood calcium; happens in neck surgeries

hyperparathyroid

hormone involved → PTH (high)

high calcium in blood

cushings disease

hormone involved → cortisol (high)

moon face/buffalo hump

hirsutism

hormone involved → androgens (high)

excessive facial/body hair growth

diabetes mellitus 1

hormone involved → insulin (low)

pancreas failure (not storing glucose)

diabetes mellitus 2

hormone involved → none (insulin)

insensitivity to insulin (not storing glucose)

diabetes mellitus 3

hormone involved → none (insulin)

pregnancy related type 2

polydipsia

hormone involved → -

excessive thirst DM1, 2, 3 and diabetes insipidus

polyphagia

hormone involved → -

excessive hunger DM1, 2, 3

polyuria

hormone involved → -

excessive urination DM1, 2, 3 and insipidus