Jadens BIO Exam Review

Adaptive Radiation

When a single species or group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways

Angiosperms

• Vascular tissue present

• Sporophyte predominant

• Pollen grains; water not required for fertilization

• Seeds form in a floral ovary that becomes a fruit

90%

What percent of all species today are angiosperms?

Arthropods

What is the most diverse animal phylum, with more than a million species? They are bilateral, with a reduced coelom. They have a hard, jointed exoskeleton skeleton

Fungi

Antibiotics are made from what?

Aquifer

Natural underground reservoir

Coccus

Spherical

Spirillum

Spiral

Bacillus

Rod-shaped

Binary Fission

• Type of asexual reproduction

• Used by bacteria and archaea

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Virginia is in which biome?

Carrying Capacity

Maximum number of individuals a population's environment can support indefinitely

Chitin

A polysaccharide found in fungi, crabs, and insects

Cone Cells

These photoreceptors provide acute daytime vision and allow color detection

Conjunctiva

What is the protective membrane lining the eyelid's inner surface?

Convergent Evolution

Unrelated organisms evolve to resemble one another

Decomposers

What feeds on organic wastes and remains?

Bacteria and Fungi

Name the 2 main decomposers

Demographics

Statistics about a population's traits

Endothermic

Heat is generated from within; metabolic rate is independent of environmental temperature

Only Birds and Mammals

Endothermic animals include:

Warm

Endothermic animals are ___-blooded

Endospores

• Resilient resting structure

• Consists of a stripped-down bacterial cell within a thick, protective covering

• (The question might say something about disinfectants and bacteria)

Endosymbiosis Theory

Eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Which two organelles are ancestors of ancient bacteria according to the Endosymbiosis Theory?

Exothermic

(Of a reaction or process) accompanied by the release of heat

Euglena

Flagellated protozoan. Uses chloroplasts, like plants for energy

Eutrophication

Nutrient enrichment of an aquatic ecosystem

Fred Ate Really Bad McDonald's Hamburgers (Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals, Humans)

A mnemonic device to remember the order from which animals evolve

Exponential Growth

What type of growth occurs in any population in which the birth rate exceeds the death rate?

Reptiles

First animals able to live their entire life on land

Fungus

What is multicellular (except yeast), has walled cells, doesn't move, and is a decomposer

Germination

• It begins when water seeps into a seed and there is heat/warmth

• It's when the seed starts growing

Glaucoma

What results from fluid buildup inside the eyeball? It damages blood vessels and ganglion cells. It is most often diagnosed in old age

Gymnosperms

Cycads, ginkgos, conifers, and gnetophytes are examples of what? (NOT APPLES)

Homologous Evolution

Occurs when traits are similar due to a shared common ancestor

Homologous Structures

Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

Keystone Species

They have a disproportionately large effect on a community relative to its abundance

Beavers

Give an example of a Keystone species

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Who created the Theory of Acquired Characteristics? It said that organisms acquired traits by using their bodies in new ways (The question may have the word acquire in it)

Logistic Growth

What type of growth occurs when density-dependent factors affect population size over time? (The question may have something to do with carrying capacity)

Lysogenic Pathway

• Viral DNA becomes integrated into host cell's genome

• Viral genes not expressed, so cell remains healthy

• When cell reproduces, viral DNA is copied and passed along

• Eventually enters the lytic pathway

Lytic Pathway

Viral genes are expressed immediately

Arthropods

Name the most successful animals

Ecological Niche (Niche)

Type of resources and environmental interactions required by an organism

Nociceptors

Which receptors detect tissue damage?

Paramecium

Ciliated protozoan. Contractile vacuole removes water from inside. Gullet is the "mouth". Micronucleus used only during sexual reproduction

Parasite

It benefits by feeding on the host without killing it immediately

Phloem

It distributes sugars

Pioneer Species

First to arrive in new or newly vacated habitats

Mosses and Lichens

Name 2 common pioneer species

Insect

Plant viruses typically enter host through a wound made by an ___, pruning, or other injury

Plasmodesmata

It extends through cell walls to connect the cytoplasm of two cells

Punctuated Equilibrium

Long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change

Pupil

Opening at the center of the iris

Relative Dating

Performed by estimating fossil age compared with that of other fossils

Reptiles

What were the first amniotic animals?

Rod Cells

These photoreceptors are the most abundant and used in night vision

Semicircular Canals

Name the organs of equilibrium. It helps monitor the body's position and motion

Stomata

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

Guard Cells

These specialized cells control the opening and closing of stomata

Water

The guard cells close when there's a lack of what?

Oxygen and Water Vapor

What's able to escape when the guard cells are open?

Carbon Dioxide

The guard cells open to allow what substance in?

Trichocysts

What do Parameciums use for defense?

Disease Vector (Vector)

Animal that carries the pathogen from host to host

Vestigial Organs

Organs that serve no useful function in an organism

Appendix and Coccyx

Give 2 examples of vestigial organs

Xylem

It distributes water