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Adaptive Radiation
When a single species or group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways
Angiosperms
Vascular tissue present
Sporophyte predominant
Pollen grains; water not required for fertilization
Seeds form in a floral ovary that becomes a fruit
90%
What percent of all species today are angiosperms?
Arthropods
What is the most diverse animal phylum, with more than a million species? They are bilateral, with a reduced coelom. They have a hard, jointed exoskeleton skeleton
Fungi
Antibiotics are made from what?
Aquifer
Natural underground reservoir
Coccus
Spherical
Spirillum
Spiral
Bacillus
Rod-shaped
Binary Fission
Type of asexual reproduction
Used by bacteria and archaea
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Virginia is in which biome?
Carrying Capacity
Maximum number of individuals a population's environment can support indefinitely
Chitin
A polysaccharide found in fungi, crabs, and insects
Cone Cells
These photoreceptors provide acute daytime vision and allow color detection
Conjunctiva
What is the protective membrane lining the eyelid's inner surface?
Convergent Evolution
Unrelated organisms evolve to resemble one another
Decomposers
What feeds on organic wastes and remains?
Bacteria and Fungi
Name the 2 main decomposers
Demographics
Statistics about a population's traits
Endothermic
Heat is generated from within; metabolic rate is independent of environmental temperature
Only Birds and Mammals
Endothermic animals include:
Warm
Endothermic animals are ___-blooded
Endospores
Resilient resting structure
Consists of a stripped-down bacterial cell within a thick, protective covering
(The question might say something about disinfectants and bacteria)
Endosymbiosis Theory
Eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Which two organelles are ancestors of ancient bacteria according to the Endosymbiosis Theory?
Exothermic
(Of a reaction or process) accompanied by the release of heat
Euglena
Flagellated protozoan. Uses chloroplasts, like plants for energy
Eutrophication
Nutrient enrichment of an aquatic ecosystem
Fred Ate Really Bad McDonald's Hamburgers (Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals, Humans)
A mnemonic device to remember the order from which animals evolve
Exponential Growth
What type of growth occurs in any population in which the birth rate exceeds the death rate?
Reptiles
First animals able to live their entire life on land
Fungus
What is multicellular (except yeast), has walled cells, doesn't move, and is a decomposer
Germination
It begins when water seeps into a seed and there is heat/warmth
It's when the seed starts growing
Glaucoma
What results from fluid buildup inside the eyeball? It damages blood vessels and ganglion cells. It is most often diagnosed in old age
Gymnosperms
Cycads, ginkgos, conifers, and gnetophytes are examples of what? (NOT APPLES)
Homologous Evolution
Occurs when traits are similar due to a shared common ancestor
Homologous Structures
Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues
Keystone Species
They have a disproportionately large effect on a community relative to its abundance
Beavers
Give an example of a Keystone species
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Who created the Theory of Acquired Characteristics? It said that organisms acquired traits by using their bodies in new ways (The question may have the word acquire in it)
Logistic Growth
What type of growth occurs when density-dependent factors affect population size over time? (The question may have something to do with carrying capacity)
Lysogenic Pathway
Viral DNA becomes integrated into host cell's genome
Viral genes not expressed, so cell remains healthy
When cell reproduces, viral DNA is copied and passed along
Eventually enters the lytic pathway
Lytic Pathway
Viral genes are expressed immediately
Arthropods
Name the most successful animals
Ecological Niche (Niche)
Type of resources and environmental interactions required by an organism
Nociceptors
Which receptors detect tissue damage?
Paramecium
Ciliated protozoan. Contractile vacuole removes water from inside. Gullet is the "mouth". Micronucleus used only during sexual reproduction
Parasite
It benefits by feeding on the host without killing it immediately
Phloem
It distributes sugars
Pioneer Species
First to arrive in new or newly vacated habitats
Mosses and Lichens
Name 2 common pioneer species
Insect
Plant viruses typically enter host through a wound made by an ___, pruning, or other injury
Plasmodesmata
It extends through cell walls to connect the cytoplasm of two cells
Punctuated Equilibrium
Long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change
Pupil
Opening at the center of the iris
Relative Dating
Performed by estimating fossil age compared with that of other fossils
Reptiles
What were the first amniotic animals?
Rod Cells
These photoreceptors are the most abundant and used in night vision
Semicircular Canals
Name the organs of equilibrium. It helps monitor the body's position and motion
Stomata
Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
Guard Cells
These specialized cells control the opening and closing of stomata
Water
The guard cells close when there's a lack of what?
Oxygen and Water Vapor
What's able to escape when the guard cells are open?
Carbon Dioxide
The guard cells open to allow what substance in?
Trichocysts
What do Parameciums use for defense?
Disease Vector (Vector)
Animal that carries the pathogen from host to host
Vestigial Organs
Organs that serve no useful function in an organism
Appendix and Coccyx
Give 2 examples of vestigial organs
Xylem
It distributes water
