History Germany (Chapter 6) - Nazi Society 1933-39

First official boycott of Jewish shops (Date)

-April 1st 1933

Concordat (Date)

-1933

Creation of Confessional Church (Date)

-1934

Nuremberg Race Laws (Date)

-1935

Kristallnacht (Date)

-November 1938

3 key elements of Nazi ideology in the 1920s

-Racism
-Nationalism
-Authoritarianism

"Ideal German"

-Classic peasant working the land in a rural community

Aim of Volksgemeinschaft

-Unite traditional German values with the new ideology

Working class as a % of society

-46%

Leader of DAF from 1933 till 1945

-Robert Ley

DAF membership by 1939

-22 million
-Largest organisation in the Third Reich

Responsibilities of DAF

-Setting working hours
-Setting wages
-Running training schemes
-Dealing with disobedience
-KdF and SdA

SdA

-"Beauty of Labour"
-Aimed to provide better working environments

KdF

-"Strength through Joy"
-Organised recreational activities such as holidays or cultural visits

KdF workers by 1939

-7,000 paid employees
-135,000 voluneers

Number of people going on KdF holidays by 1938

-10.3 million

Wages return to pre Great Depression levels (Date)

-1938

Why were the unemployment statistics misleading?

-Part of the new jobs were created due to the dismissal of female and Jewish workers
-Male conscription was introduced

Nazi agricultural policies

-Tax allowances for small farmers
-Extensive tariffs to reduce imports
-Division of farms forbidden

Consequences of agricultural policy

-Agricultural production increased by 20% compared to pre Great Depression levels
-Micromanagement was resented by the peasantry (Hens had to lay 65 eggs per year)

Law to Protect Retail Trade (Date)

-1933

Law to Protect Retail Trade (1933)

-Banned the opening of new department stores and taxed existing ones
-Department stores were often owned by Jews

Average management salaries % increase from 1934-38

-46%

% of teachers in the National Socialist Teachers league by 1937

-97%

Nazi changes to the school curriculum

-Emphasis on physical education
-RE removed from curriculum
-More attention on German, Biology and History

Nazi "elite schools"

-Intended to mould Germany's future political leadership
-Napolas (National Political Educational Institutions)
-Adolf Hitler Schools (for secondary age boys)
-Ordensburgen (for college age boys)

Hitler Youth membership becomes compulsory (Date)

-1939

Hitler youth membership in 1932 vs 1938

-200,000 in 1932
-7 million in 1938

Rate of teachers that were Nazi party members compared to general public in 1936

-Double

Decline in number of students in higher education 1933-39

-It halved

Examples of youth dissent

-Swing Youth
-Edelweiss Pirates

German Faith Movement

-Propagation of Blood and Soil
-Replacement of Christian rituals with pagan equivalents
-Rejection of Christian ethics
-Cult of the Fuhrer

Concordat (1933)

-Guaranteed Catholic religious freedom
-Nazis would not interfere in Catholic Church's own educative system
-Catholic Church would not interfere in politics

Confessional Church

-Opposed Nazi policies
-Led by pastor Niemoller
-Had the support of around 40% of protestant pastors

Nazi anti-religious policies

-Closure of church schools
-Slander campaigns against the clergy
-Campaign to remove crucifixes from schools

Arrest and internment of Martin Niemoller (Date)

-1937

% of population that were German Faith Movement members by 1939

-5%

Nazi aims for women

-To have children (many)
-To be housewives
-To stop paid employment (exceptions include midwives)

Restriction on % of female university students

-Maximum of 10%

Gertrud Scholtz-Klink

-Former nurse who joined the NSDAP in 1929
-Portrayed as the "perfect Nazi woman"
-Remained committed to Nazism after the war

Effects of Nazi anti-feminist policy

-Economic necessities forced women back into the workplace
-The overall number of employed women rose from 4.8 million in 1932 to 7.1 million in 1939

Nazi policy towards marriage and the family

-Incentives to have children were greatly improved (medals for having many children)
-No income tax if you had 6 or more children
-Anti-abortion law strictly enforced
-Access to contraception restricted

Births per 1000 people in 1933 vs 1939

-14.7 in 1933
-20.3 in 1939

Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring (Date)

-1933

Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring (1933)

-Allowed for the compulsory sterilisation of those with hereditary conditions

Number of people sterilised by the Nazis

-Around 350,000

Number of mentally or physically ill people euthanised in 1940-41

-Around 70,000

National boycott of Jewish businesses (1933)

-SA members picketed Jewish owned businesses
-Not universally accepted by all Germans
-Caused a lot of bad publicity abroad

Nuremberg Race Laws (1935)

-Jews lost German citizenship
-Relations between Jews and German citizens forbidden

Curfew introduced for Jews (Date)

-1939

Exclusions of Jews that came to pass in 1938

-Owning property
-Practicing medicine
-Schools and universities

Major events that showed anti-Jewish sentiment before the war

-Persecution of Austrian Jews during Anschluss
-Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht (1938)

-Pogrom where Jewish businesses were destroyed
-Led to the passing of multiple anti-Semitic laws
-Led to international criticism

Deaths in Kristallnacht (1938)

-100

Number of synagogues destroyed in Kristallnacht (1938)

-200

Jewish emigration by 1939

-257,000 people
-Around half of German Jews