Ophthal

progressive bilateral blurring of vision

Cataracts likely

Cataracts symptoms

Painless, glare, halos around lights at night.

red reflex in cataracts

Is lost as cataract progresses.

Cataract treatment

Lens extraction with artificial lens implantation.

atrophic macular degeneration

Usually associated with scotoma, slow progressive vision loss.

exudative macular degeneration

Unilateral, aggressive vision loss, often starts with straight-line distortion.

open-angle glaucoma

Insidious gradual loss of peripheral vision, typically with elevated intraocular pressure.

acute angle-closure glaucoma symptoms

Severe eye pain, conjunctival redness, poorly reactive mid-dilated pupil.

open-angle glaucoma treatment

1st line topical prostaglandin (e.g., latanoprost).

acute angle-closure glaucoma treatment

Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used acutely.

Eye trauma symptoms

High velocity injury may lead to corneal abrasion or open globe laceration.

Retinal detachment symptoms

Flashes of light and floaters; described as a curtain coming down.

choroidal rupture indicators

Blunt ocular trauma; presents with central scotoma and retinal edema.

CRAO symptoms

Sudden painless loss of vision in one eye; cherry red fovea.

proliferative diabetic retinopathy definition

Characterized by neovascularization and potential retinal detachment.

ocular manifestations of HIV

Includes cataracts and CMV retinitis among others.

ectopia lentis symptoms

Painless vision loss and lens displacement seen on slit lamp.

ocular chemical burn treatment

Copious irrigation to restore neutral pH, especially for alkali burns.

chronic blepharitis symptoms

Burning or itching lids, discharge, and foreign body sensation.

hordeolum definition

Erythematous nodule at the lid margin; commonly referred to as a stye.

preseptal cellulitis signs

Acute unilateral eyelid swelling and erythema.

contact-lens associated keratitis risk

Can lead to corneal perforation and permanent vision loss.

macular degeneration screening tool

Grid test for evaluating progression.

allergic conjunctivitis characteristics

IgE mediated, bilateral, watery discharge, and ocular pruritus.

strabismus treatment options

Strengthen the deviated eye and correct refractive errors.

neurofibromatosis type 1 signs

Optic pathway glioma causing visual disturbances and proptosis.

optic nerve injury presentation

Acute vision loss, decreased color vision, and pupil defects.

neonatal conjunctivitis causes

Chemical irritation, gonococcal and chlamydial infections.

open globe injury signs

Extrusion of vitreous, eccentric pupil, decreased visual acuity, RAPD.

subconjunctival hemorrhage observation period

Typically resolves in 24-48 hours.

dacrocystitis definition

Infection of the lacrimal sac with purulent discharge.

chalazion features

Hard, painless lid nodule; chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland.

open-angle glaucoma indicators

Enlarged cup with cup/disc ratio >0.6 and thinning of disc rim.

congenital dacryostenosis complications

Dacryocystocele and dacrocystitis.

amblyopia definition

Functional reduction in visual acuity; unilaterally common.

acute angle closure glaucoma triggers

Pupillary dilation or certain medications like decongestants.

routine vision testing age

Recommended routine visual acuity testing at age 4.

age-related macular degeneration effects

Maintained peripheral vision, atrophy of the central retina.

traumatic hyphema risks

Includes rebleeding and permanent vision loss.

trachoma pathogens

Caused by chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, B, and C.

Graves disease eye symptoms

Lid lag, proptosis, and diplopia associated with thyroid disorder.

vitreous hemorrhage causes

Commonly due to diabetes and can lead to sudden vision changes.

advanced HIV risk factors

CMV retinitis with CD4 <100 leading to blurred vision.

infectious keratitis characteristics

HSV causes dendritic ulcerations; bacterial leads to central round ulcers.

allergic conjunctivitis treatment

Usually involves antihistamines or decongestant drops.

herpes zoster ophthalmicus hallmark

Conjunctivitis with dendriform corneal ulcers; involving trigeminal nerve.

orbital compartment syndrome symptoms

Increased IOP with acute eye pain, vision loss, and swelling.

Sjogren syndrome effects

Chronic dry eye leading to discomfort and potential corneal damage.

postoperative endophthalmitis timeframe

Occurs within 6 weeks after surgery; presents with pain and redness.

central retinal vein occlusion symptoms

Painless loss of vision with characteristic 'blood and thunder' appearance.

steroid-induced open angle glaucoma indicators

Elevated intraocular pressure with optic nerve atrophy.

neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis treatment

Single IM dose of a 3rd generation cephalosporin.

myopia definition

Increased axial length causing images to focus anterior to the retina.

presbyopia definition

Loss of elasticity in the lens affecting near vision.

orbital cellulitis common risk factor

Sinusitis, especially involving ethmoid or maxillary sinuses.

anterior uveitis symptoms

Pain, photophobia, and decreased visual acuity with possible hypopyon.

sympathetic ophthalmia cause

Autoimmune response driving inflammation post-trauma.

photokeratitis hazard

UV light exposure causing corneal epithelium desquamation.

viral conjunctivitis causative agent

Most commonly adenovirus.

leukocoria association

Often indicative of retinoblastoma.

diabetic retinopathy stages

Includes background, pre-proliferative, and proliferative stages.

herpes simplex keratitis treatment

Focus on managing dendritic ulcerations and preventing recurrence.

external hordeolum treatment

Warm compress and incision for persistent cases.

preseptal cellulitis treatment

Oral antibiotics like doxycycline are often effective.