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Currency
A medium of exchange used in transactions.
Foreign Exchange (FOREX)
The market for trading different currencies to facilitate international business.
Spot Rates
Immediate exchange rates at which currencies can be exchanged.
Forward Rates
Agreed future exchange rates for currency exchange.
Derivatives
Financial instruments whose value is based on currencies, including swaps, options, and futures.
CAGE Framework
A tool that assesses cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic distances affecting market potential.
PESTLE Analysis
Evaluates external factors like political stability, economic trends, and legal systems for strategic decision-making.
Capital Markets
Markets that allocate funds from surplus entities to deficit entities.
Equity Markets
Markets where company ownership is traded via stocks.
Debt Markets
Markets that lend funds through bonds and loans.
Eurocurrency Markets
Markets including Eurodollars held outside the U.S. for financing.
Entrepreneurship
The process of identifying opportunities and creating innovative solutions.
Global Startups
Startups characterized by speed, scalability, and addressing global needs.
Reverse Innovation
Adapting solutions developed in emerging markets for use in developed markets.
Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
Fully controlled foreign business operations, high in cost and slow to establish.
Licensing/Franchising
An entry mode that allows local adaptation but risks creating competitors.
