ASI 540 Principles of Animal Disease Unit 2

kansas state

segments of beef industry

cow-calf, stocker/backgrounder, feedlot/finisher, packer

beef industry integration

not horizontal or vertical

operation numbers

cow-calf > feedlots > packing plants

calving interval

12 months

first calf birth

22-25 months

BSC before breeding cattle

>4

cow-calf nutrition

forage year round

“branding time”

first vax, male castration, ear tagging, parasite/pest control

castration benefits

improved meat color/tenderness, less aggression, better health

1st vax

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, BVD 1&2, parainfluenza, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, clostridials

typical weaning age cattle

205 days

ionophores

better feed efficiency, less coccidiosis

tylan

dec liver abscess

anabolic implants

IGF1, replace/supplement hormones via pellet

beta agonists - optiflexx, zilmax

short acting, initiates protein synthesis

vibriosis

STD, early embryonal death, cow is carrier, bull transmits, gradual spontaneous recovery. vax

trichomoniosis

STD, mature bull carriers, endometriosis, early embryonal death. test bulls before adding to herd,

brucellosis

abortion last trimester, transmitted in fetal fluids/milk, zoonotic. vax. endemic in yellowstone area

leptospirosis

abortion, wildlife vectors, ingestion acquire, last trimester abortion. vax, keep cattle away from problem water source

neosporosis

protozoal, coyotes/dogs transmit, transplacental, neonatal paralysis. vax, dog control, protect feed

IBR virus

early, mid, late fetal death. vax MLV

BVD

abortion @ all stages, congenital abnormalities, persistent infection. test and eliminate PI calves, vax.

calving management

should be significant progress after 1hr. mature cows watched 30 mins before rectal exam.

colostrum

first milk, nutrition, laxative, antibody. first 24hr. 10% cows body weight

neonatal diarrhea (scours) causes

bacteria E.coli (early), salmonella (late), clostridium. virus, rota, corona. protozoa, crypto, coccidia (late)

colibacilosis (e coli)

1-7d after birth, enterotoxin, k99 pili, white scours. vax

rotavirus

4-6d post birth, gray-green diarrhea, damages intestinal villi. vax.

coronavirus

7-10d post birth, yellowish diarrhea, damages intestinal villi. vax.

enterotoxemia

neonatal or older, clostridium perfringens C, D, A, colicky, sudden death, dark bloody diarrhea, purple gut syndrome. vax.

salmonellosis

neonatal or older, bloody scours, septicemia, zoonotic. stress, high fever, depression, stinky watery yellow diarrhea, flecks of blood, maybe chronic shedders. sanitation & vax

cryptosporidiosis

protozoal, poor txt response, zoonotic.

scours management

keep calving area clean, keep newborns away from older. sandhills

bovine respiratory disease

#1 disease of weaned cattle. stress + virus + mannheimia haemolytica > BRD

IBR

‘rednose’ rhinotracheitis, herpes, highly contagious, fever, nasal discharge, watery eyes, frothing of muzzle. predisposes to secondary bacterial. sewer pipe trachea.

BVD infection

subclinical disease, fever, nasal discharge, diarrhea, hemorrhagic syndrome, acute death.

acute bvd

immunosuppression, 2nd bacterial. vax MLV or killed

PI BVD

premature death, constant shedding. cow exposed to BVD at 45-125d gestation. calves immune system says BVD is self. 1% all cattle, half die pre weaning

mannheimia haemolytica

opportunistic, leukotoxin/lung damage,

weaning vax program

VAC 45 bunch of vax, deworm, hold 45-60d post weaning

septic arthritis

maybe after initial resp disease. histophilus somni, mycoplasma bovi,

footrot

fusobacterium necrophorum, skin abrasion, foot swelling, lameness. antibiotic therapy

hairy heel warts

walk on tip of toe. strawberry footrot, digital dermatitis, v painful, contagious/bacterial, topical antibiotic therapy

coccidiosis

protozoal. eimerial bovis/zuernii. fecal oral. infection in some level in all cattle. 1m-2y. stress bad. frank bloody diarrhea. sanitation, reduce stress, txt before stress (many preventatives)

acidosis

rapid grain consumption. lower ph, acid blood, dehydration. rumen ph below 5 for extended period. drunk staggers, bloated, projectile diarrhea, down, coma, death. sequela; liver abscess, flounder,

bloat

frothy (pasture (high protein lush pasture) vs grain(fines in ration)), free gas . prevent

pinkeye

infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, moraxella bovis, painful, teary, blinking. antibiotics+eyepatch. flies, scratch, control, trim grass

atypical interstitial pnemonia

sudden onset, open mouth breathing, larger cattle on feed >90d, lungs thicken.

dairy

less cows, more milk, more milk/cow

dairy

most farms small, few big. billionaires.

mastitis

udder disease. staph aureus or mycoplasma. bad production.

ketosis (acetonemia)

opens for opportunistic. lower conception. dec weight and feed intake. 3 types. 1 post calving, skinny cow, good txt. 2 post calving, fat cow, poor txt, liver, sad. 3 silage, good txt