IELTS Verb Patterns and Transport Economics Flashcards

Vocabulary and pattern flashcards based on IELTS Hồ Thành notes and Cambridge 10 Reading Passage 2.

Verb Pattern Takeaway Rule

Do not memorise verbs alone; always learn the full pattern (verb + what follows) because meaning equals the verb plus its specific pattern.

Decide against + V-ing

To choose not to do something after consideration (e.g., 'decided against going to the party after all').

Decide + to V

To make a formal choice or commitment to perform an action (e.g., 'decided to cancel the project').

Be considered to be

To be generally recognized or acknowledged as having a particular trait or status (e.g., 'widely considered to be the greatest player ever').

Consider + V-ing

To contemplate or think about taking a specific action (e.g., 'consider marrying a man for his money').

Come to a firm decision on

To reach a definite, settled agreement or conclusion regarding a matter.

Mean + to V

To intend or plan to do something (e.g., 'meaning to call my parents').

Mean + clause / V-ing

To involve, signify, or result in a particular outcome (e.g., 'High unemployment means people are spending less').

Determined + to V

Having a strong resolve or firm decision to accomplish an action (e.g., 'determined to stop bullying').

Stop + to V

To pause or halt an ongoing activity in order to perform another action (e.g., 'stopped to admire the scenery').

Stop / Prevent someone from + V-ing

To keep an individual or group from engaging in a specific activity (e.g., 'stop people from smoking in public places').

Introduce = implement = impose taxes on

Ban hành

Road haulage

The commercial transport of goods by road, which increased by 19.4% between 1990 and 1998.

Range from … to …

A verb pattern indicating a spectrum or collection of items extending from one specified limit to another (e.g., 'ranging from pricing to revitalising alternative modes of transport').

Make a shift of balance

To alter or redistribute proportional market shares among different transport modes back toward historical levels.

Bearing in mind

Taking into account or giving consideration to a specific background fact, such as a 50-year historical imbalance in favour of roads.

Break in the link

A decoupling or separation between two interdependent trends, specifically achieving a break between road transport growth and economic growth without restricting mobility.