Microbio

12. Attenuated agents
A. may induce immunity after a single dose.

B. may cause disease in immunocompromised individuals.

C. multiply in the body.

D. may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains.

E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

13. Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with

A. alcohol.

B. phenol.

C. formalin.

D. histamine.

C. formalin.

14. The Salk vaccine
A. contains live attenuated virus.

B. contains inactivated virus.

C. contains a portion of the polio virus.

D. occasionally causes disease.

B. contains inactivated virus.

15. The Salk vaccine
A. protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection.
B. protects only against gastrointestinal infection.
C. is a subunit vaccine.
D protects only against nervous system infection.
E. protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine.

D. protects only against nervous system infection.

16. Whole agent vaccines may contain

A. viruses.

B. bacteria.

C. toxins.

D. polysaccharides.

E. viruses AND bacteria.

E. viruses AND bacteria.

17. Toxoids are used in vaccines against

A. Haemophilus influenza type b.

B. diphtheria.

C. herpes simplex type I.

D. polio.

E. diphtheria AND herpes simplex type I.

B. diphtheria.

18. Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

A. primary substances.

B. secondary substances.

C. adjuvants. D. adjuncts.

C. adjuvants.

19. A recombinant vaccine is used to protect against A. polio.

B. diphtheria.

C. hepatitis B.

D. pertussis.

C. hepatitis B.

20. The most common adjuvant is A. ethanol.

B. formalin.

C. alum.

D. aluminum.

E. alum AND aluminum.

C. alum.

21. For which of the following childhood diseases is a subunit vaccine recommended?

A.

Polio

B.

Measles

C.

Hepatitis B

D.

Pertussis

D.

Pertussis

22. Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?

A.

Acellular subunit

B.

Whole cell attenuated

C.

Adjuvant

D.

Toxin

A.

Acellular subunit

23. The vaccine that is stable to heat, has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)

A. inactive vaccine.

B. active vaccine.

C. toxoid.

D. peptide.

D. peptide.

24. A poorly understood, yet promising type of vaccine that causes the host to produce microbial antigens for a short time involves the use of

A. subunits.

B. DNA.

C. alum.

D. toxoids.

E. glycoproteins.

B. DNA.

25. DNA vaccines work by

A. stimulating production of antibodies against DNA.

B. stimulating interferon production.

C. inactivating the host DNA.

D. having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen.

D. having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen.