Basic Info

Know the role of the vascular system

1. carries blood, oxygen, nutrients, and lymph fluid

2. removes waste

Know what makes up the vascular system

heart, blood, and blood vessels

Be able to identify all components of the vascular system

heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood

Know the function of the arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Know the function of the veins

return blood to the heart

Know the function of the capillaries

connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins, facilitating exchange between blood and tissues

What tunica intima layer is composed of

smooth endothelium

What tunica media layer is composed of

smooth muscle and elastic tissue

What tunica externa layer is composed of

fibrous connective tissue

Know the anatomy of blood vessels

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa and the lumen

Function of the tunica intima

produces chemicals, causes blood vessels to dilate and contract

Function of the tunica media

allows vessel to change diameter

Function of the tunica externa

supports and protects the vessel

Function of the lumen

greater size allows for greater volume of blood to flow at a lower pressure

Know what the lumen of a blood vessel refers to

hollow passageway where blood flows

The anatomical differences of arteries

thicker walls, smaller lumens, higher pressure

The anatomical differences of veins

thinner walls, bigger lumens, lower pressure

Know how the size of the lumen has an effect on blood flow and blood pressure

greater size, greater volume, decreased pressure

Be able to identify the arteries listed on slide 10

Be able to identify all portions of the aorta including the branches

Ascending aorta

coronary arteries branch off, supplying heart

Aortic arch

connects with descending aorta

Descending (thoracic) aorta

from aortic arch to diaphragm portion of abdomen

Abdominal aorta

from diaphragm to above the pelvis

Branches of the descending aorta

thoracic and abdominal aorta

Thoracic aorta supplies

muscles of the chest and upper abdomen

Abdominal aorta supplies

celiac trunk, digestive system

Know where each part of the aorta and its branches supply blood to (which part/region of the body). This includes the thoracic aorta, descending aorta (and its branches), and the abdominal aorta and the branches of the abdominal aorta

Be able to identify the carotid arteries and know their function

supplies blood to the neck, part of the face, and the brain

Also know what happens if there is blockage in the carotids

carotid artery stenosis, increases the risk of stroke

Be able to identify the Circle of Willis and its function

blood supply to the brain, backup or collateral supply

What are the arteries of the arm extensions of

subclavian arteries

Be able to identify the arteries of the arm and leg

Be able to identify the Vena Cava and know its function

largest vein in the body, carries oxygen poor blood from the body to the right atrium

Functionality of superior vena cava

takes blood from neck, head, arms, and chest back to the heart

Functionality of inferior vena cava

brings blood from legs, feet, abdomen and pelvis back to the heart

Be able to identify the veins of the thorax and abdomen.

Know the veins of the thorax and abdomen that parallel the arteries.

Be able to identify the veins of the neck, arms and legs.

Know the make-up of the capillaries

only composed of tunica intima and simple squamous endothelial cells, smallest lumen

Explain the process of diffusion

oxygen, nutrients, and waste moves in capillaries through blood and tissue

Know the three types of capillaries

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal

Where in the body continuous capillaries are primarily located

muscle tissue, skin, lungs, CNS

Where in the body fenestrated capillaries are primarily located

kidneys, small intestine, endocrine glands

Where in the body sinusoidal capillaries are primarily located

liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymphoid tissues

Know the functions of the arterioles

carries blood from heart to tissues and organs, connects arteries and capillaries, controls blood flow, manage and control force of blood, regulate amount of blood to tissues

Know the functions of the venules

receive blood from capillaries to direct to larger veins

Be able to explain where hepatic portal circulation is found

gastrointestinal tract

The components involved in hepatic portal circulation

from gi tract, spleen, and pancreas to the liver before general circulation

The function of hepatic portal circulation

to filter toxins in blood using the liver before general circulation

Be able to explain how pressure differences within the vascular system drives blood flow

arteries have the highest pressure, then capillaries, then veins, as blood travels from the heart and aorta to the body

Be able to explain blood viscosity effect on blood flow and blood pressure

how easily blood flows, greater viscosity, slower flow

Vasoconstriction

narrowing of the blood vessels

Vasodilation

widening of the blood vessels

Know where blood velocity is the greatest

aorta

Know where blood velocity is the weakest

capillaries

Be able to explain how skeletal muscle within the calf contributes to proper blood flow and increase circulation

contraction pushes blood to the heart, valves in veins ensure no backflow

Varicose veins

calf blood backflow

Explain the role of the diaphragm in aiding circulation

regulates pressure in thorax and abdominal cavity

Atherosclerosis

a buildup of plaque in arterial walls