World History - Unit 1-6

Recant

To give up one’s views or beliefs.

Indulgences

A pardon for one’s sins committed in one’s lifetime.

Excommunicated

To be excluded from the Roman Catholic Church.

Purgatory

A place where souls too impure for Heaven go to atone for sins

Martin Luther

The German monk who wrote the 95 Theses

Italy

The Renaissance began in what country?

Henry VIII

He took over the Church of England because he wanted his marriage annulled.

Mary Tudor

This ruler had many Protestants burned at the stake.

Cavaliers

During the English Civil War, what group supported King Charles I?

Roundheads

During the English Civil War, what group supported Parliament?

John Locke

He argued that people formed governments to protect them. If the government failed to do so, the people had the right to overthrow it.

Voltaire

 He targeted corrupt officials, inequality, injustice, and he hated the slave trade.

Thomas Hobbes

He believed that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish and that they need an absolute monarchy for law and order.

Sir Issac Newton

After seeing an apple fall from a tree, he perfected his theory of gravity.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish scholar who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe.

Thomas Jefferson

 He was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.

George Washington

Who led the Continental Army?

Treaty of Paris

What treaty ended the American Revolution?

Declaration of Independence

This set forth the ideals on which the United States was founded and cited reasons for separation from Great Britain.

Constitution

The document that set up the framework of the United States government.

Louis XIV

French ruler who believed in divine right and took the sun as the symbol of his absolute power.

2nd Estate

Which Estate was made up of wealthy nobility and had job privileges in the government?

1st Estate

Which Estate could own land, paid no taxes, and was made up of Catholic Clergy?

3rd Estate

Which Estate paid most of the taxes, and was made up of peasants and the bourgeoise?

Louis XVI

Who was the king of France at the beginning of the French Revolution?

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

What was the first revolutionary document created by the French revolutionaries?

Storming of the Bastille

Which event in the French Revolution is considered France’s Independence Day?

Committee of Public Safety

A 12-member committee that had almost absolute power in France.

Maximilien Robespierre

The leader of the Committee of Public Safety

Reign of Terror

During Maximilien Robespierre’s time as the leader, nearly 40,000 were killed. What is this time known as?

Napoleon Bonaparte

Who did the French people support because they hoped he would provide them with stability after the Revolution?

The Consulate

Which 3-member council that ruled France before Napoleon declared himself Emperor in the year 1804?

Napoleon Bonaprte

Who crowned Napoleon emperor?

Napoleonic Code

Code that stripped women of most of their rights earned in the Revolution.

Continental System

Through what measure did Napoleon seek to destroy Great Britain's commerce/trade?

Russia

Which country did Napoleon invade that ultimately destroyed a large percentage of his army?

Winter

What major factor led to Napoleon’s defeat in Russia? (what season)

Battle of Waterloo

After Napoleon escaped from Elba, what ended his second reign as emperor?

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of the Quadruple Alliance, in which the main goal was to establish a lasting peace?

The Quadruple Alliance included which countries?

Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain

Florence Nightingale

 Who founded the world's first school of nursing?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Leader of the women's rights movement the United States.

Louis Pasteur

Discovered a process called pasteurization for killing disease-carrying microbes in milk.

Henry Ford

American who used the assembly line to mass-produce cars, making the U.S. the leader in the automobile industry.

Charles Darwin

Came up with the Theory of Evolution, Natural Selection, and Survival of the Fittest.

No

Did Charles Darwin promote Social Darwinism? (Yes or No)

Socialism

An economic system in which the people (instead of private individuals) own all property and operate all businesses.

Communism

An extreme form of socialism which has a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the government.

Karl Marx

German philosopher who created the theory of scientific socialism.

Communism Manifesto

Pamphlet that claimed the entire course of history was driven by economics and was a class struggle between the “haves” and the “have-nots.”

Women

Who did factory owners prefer to hire because they could pay them less and they believed they were easier to manage?

Children

Their small size was an advantage in many situations, so factory owners hired them and worked out deals to have them work in their factories.

Enclosure Movement

Movement in the 1700s, when rich landowners began fencing lands for sheep pastures due to the increase in the wool industry.

Capital

Money or wealth.

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities.

Tenements

Multistory building divided into crowded apartments.

Entrepreneurs

Person who organizes and operates a business, taking on greater than normal financial risks.

Interchangeable Parts

Identical components that can be used in place of another in manufacturing.

Racism

Belief that one racial group is superior to another.

Great Britain

Which country is recognized as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?

Germany

What major industrialized nation was the first to legalize labor unions?

James Watt

Scottish engineer who improved upon Thomas Newcomen's steam engine making it a power source.

Australia and New Zealand

What two countries were some of the first nations to allow women's suffrage?

Imperialism

Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

Protectorate

Country with its own government but under the control of an outside power

Sphere of Influence

Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Genocide

Deliberate attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group.

Sepoy

Indian soldier in an army set up by the French or English East India company.

Viceroy

Representative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the Americas in the king's name.

Indemnity

Payment for losses in war.

Colonies, Protectorate, and Sphere of Influence

List the three forms of Imperial Rule.

Treaty of Nanjing

Ended the Opium War and gave Hong Kong to Britain.

Open Door Policy

Kept trade in China open to everyone.

Monroe Doctrine

Claimed that the American Continents are not to be subjected to colonization by European powers.

Berlin Conference

European powers met to avoid war and bloodshed over Africa.

Belgium

What country was King Leopold II from?

Ethiopia

What country Emperor Menelik II from?

Egypt

What country Muhammed Ali from?

India

What country Ram Mohun Roy from?

China

What country Sun Yixian from?

Panama Canal

Which Canal was built across Central America to move ships easily between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to help reduce the cost of trade?

Taiwan

What territory did Japan gain after the Sino-Japanese war?

Boxers

A secret Chinese society that took action against foreigners in China.