intro to the cell

Robert Hooke

The first scientist to name cells.

Van Leeuwenhoek

The first to identify cells as living structures.

Cell Theory

Developed by Schleiden and Schwann, stating: 1) All organisms are made of cells. 2) The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive. 3) Cell structure is correlated to cellular function. 4) All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain organelles.

Cell Membrane

A semipermeable membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer.

Cytoplasm

The thick liquid (gel-like) substance within a cell.

Genetic Material

Material (DNA) that carries genetic information.

Ribosomes

Cell structures responsible for protein production.

Cytoskeleton

A structure that provides support to the cell.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that stores DNA, surrounded by two membranes with pores.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network continuous with the nuclear envelope, with smooth ER (SER) for lipid synthesis and detoxification, and rough ER (RER) for protein manufacture.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle comprising flattened membranous sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages products of the ER.