Lecture 11: Swine respiratory diseases

25-35 bpm, 65-75 F

VERY comfortable

36-45 bpm 75-85F

Comfortable

90+/min 100+F

Heat stressed

What are some abnormal respiratory system signs?

• ”Thumps”, pronounced abdominal labored pattern suggest pneumonia

  • Tachypnea and no labored breathing → Hyperthermia

What does cough suggest?

Airway disease lesions, More common with Mycoplasma, bacterial infections, and flu

What does sneezing tell you?

Watch the pig, could develop into a cough

Atrophic rhinitis, epithelial and cilial damage

B. bronchiseptica, P. multi idea, PRRSV, PRV, ammonia

Tracheal colonization, epithelial and cilial damage

B. bronchiseptica, MHP, PRV

Bronchitits

MHP, IAV-S, PCV2, PRCV

Intersital and bronchopneumonia

MHP, APP, PRRSV, IAV-S, PRCV, PCV22

Alterations of immune response

PRRSV, PCV2

21-30% lung affected, 15% ADG reduction

Pnuemonia

50+% of lung affected

Severe pneumonia

Most common respiratory diseases

• Strep suis

• Respiratory coronavirus

• Salmonella

• Glaesserella Parasuis

• IAV-S

• Mycoplasma Hyorhinis

• PRRSV

• Astrovirus

• Circovirus

• B. bronchiseptica

• Ascaris sum

  • Actinobacillus pleuopnuemonia

What is the first organ that is shunted when the pig is redirecting blood?

Ears

What does PRRSV invade?

Alveolar macrophages with secondary pathogens (S. suis, GPS)

CS of PRRSV

Cough, anorexia, decreased performance

Transmission of PRRSV

Aerosol, direct contact, fomites

Prevention/treatment of PRRSV

Vaccination and antimicrobials for secondary infections

CS of IAV-S (influenza A virus of swine)

Respiratory signs, primarily cough, high fever, usually lasts a week

What necropsy findings are seen with IAV-S

Necrotizing bronchitis

T or F, IAV-S is zoonotic

True

HOw do you prevent IAV-S?

Vaccination

Who is porcin astrovirus associated with?

Diarrhea in young pigs

What should you collect for porcine astrovirus?

Trachea wash

What porcine circovirus 2 associated with?

PRRSV, IAV-S, MHP, may see postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and PCVAD

What lesions are seen with porcine circovirus?

Necrotizing and ulcerative bronchiolitis

Control of porcine circovirus 2

Vacicnation

True or false, Strep suis is normal opportunistic pathogen

True

Caused by normal opportunistic pathogens (strep suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma Hyorhinitis, Actinobacillus suis, Salmonella cholerasuis)

Polyserositis

CS of salmonella infection

Coughing, increased RR, purple ears, increased respiratory effort (thumping)

Treatment of salmonella

Antibotics

Diagnosis of polyserositis

PCR/culture

Treament polyserositis

Antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories

Prevention of polyserositis

Autogenous or commercial vaccine

CS of coronavirus

Mostly sub-clinical, cough, dyspnea, anorexia

Who is most commonly affected by mycoplasma hypopnuemoniae?

Mid to later finishing age pigs (infected young)

Where does M. Hyoopneumoniae replicate?

Ciliated epithelial cells

CS of M. hyopnuemoniae?

Non-productive cough, fever, decreased feed intake, labored breathing, more severe with coninfections

Treatment of M. hypnuemoniae

Antibiotics

M. Hyopnuemoniae control

Vaccination

Who is most common affected by Actinobacillus plueropneumoniae?

Mid to later finishing

What are the most virulent strains to of A. plueropneumoniae

APXIV, APX I, II, or III

CS of A. plueropneumoniae

Sudden death, fever, bloody nasal discharge, necrohemorrhagic lungs

Treatment of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Antibiotics

What causes atrophic rhinitis

Bordertella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida

CS of atropic rhinitis

Sneezing, snorting, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, deviation of the snout

What is a good indication of a productive cough?

Chewing after coughing

How do you control atrophic rhinitis?

Restock w/known free animals, vaccination of sows

What occurs during the atrophic rhinitis slaughter check?

Ventral scroll of ventral turbinate (cut at the 2nd premolar) to score based on amount of space

What is the cause of contagious pleuropneumonia?

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

How is APP transmitted?

Close contact and short distance aerosols, carriers often present

Etiology of APP

Malfunctioning curtain controller → Curtain drops in winter → dre’s out mucocillary elevator → organism gains entrance to the lungs → Severe rapidly developing necrotizing and hemorrhagic pneumonia with pleuritis

CS of APP

• Sudden death, sudden onset of rapid deep breathing

• Minimal cough

• Fever initially

• Mortality can reach 10-15% of barn in one day

• PIGS QUIT EATING AND DRINKING

What macroscopic lesions are seen with APP?

• Hemoptosis and blood from nostrils in agonal phase

• Necrotizing hemorrhagic, usually multi-focal pneumonia

• Pleuritis if pig survives 18 hours

• Sometimes clinically indistinguishable from A. suis

Large roundworm of pigs

Ascaris suum

Who is commonly affected by A. suum?

Pigs raised outdoor

CS of A. suum?

Non responsive to antibiotics, coughing

Treatment of A. suum

Dewormer

What antimicrobials are commonly used for respiratory disease?

Ceftiofur, batryil, draxxin, CTC, Amoxicillin

What is a normal respiratory rate for a market weight pig at rest in a thermoneutral environment?

a) 15-25 breaths/min

b) 25-35 breaths/min

c) 30-40 breaths/min

d) 36-45 breaths/min

b) 25-35 breaths/min

A growing pig is observed to have a respiratory rate of 50 breaths/min. According to the provided information, how would you describe the pig's comfort level?

a) Very comfortable

b) Comfortable

c) Uncomfortable

d) Very uncomfortable

c) Uncomfortable

"Thumps," a pronounced abdominal/labored breathing pattern, is most suggestive of what condition in pigs?

a) Hyperthermia

b) Pneumonia

c) Airway disease

d) Atrophic rhinitis

b) Pneumonia

A pig is sneezing but does not have a cough. What should you do?

a) Treat with antibiotics immediately

b) Assume it is atrophic rhinitis and treat accordingly

c) Watch closely for the development of a cough

d) Ignore it, as sneezing is not a concern

c) Watch closely for the development of a cough

Which of the following pathogens is NOT associated with epithelial and cilial damage in the respiratory tract of pigs?

a) Bordetella bronchiseptica

b) Pasteurella multocida

c) PRRSV

d) PCV2

d) PCV2

A post-weaning pig presents with cough, anorexia, and decreased performance. Which of the following is the most likely primary viral cause?

a) IAV-S

b) Circovirus

c) PRRSV

d) Coronavirus

c) PRRSV

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign commonly associated with IAV-S (Influenza A virus of swine) infection in pigs?

a) Cough

b) High fever

c) Diarrhea

d) Respiratory signs

c) Diarrhea

Porcine Astrovirus is most similar to what illness in pigs?

a) Diarrhea

b) Flu

c) Anorexia

d) Coughing

b) Flu

Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) is most often associated with:

a) Diarrhea in young pigs

b) Necrotizing bronchiolitis as a primary infection

c) More severe disease when co-infected with PRRSV, IAV-S, or MHP

d) Systemic disease with purple ears

c) More severe disease when co-infected with PRRSV, IAV-S, or MHP

Which of the following clinical signs is associated with Salmonella cholerasuisinfection in pigs?

a) Sub-clinical signs

b) Purple ears

c) Non-productive cough

d) Bloody nasal discharge

b) Purple ears

A farm is experiencing an outbreak of coughing, dyspnea, and anorexia in their pigs. Which of the following is a potential cause?

a) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

b) Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

c) Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae primarily affects which part of the respiratory system?

a) Alveolar macrophages

b) Ciliated epithelial cells

c) Bronchioles

d) Nasal turbinates

b) Ciliated epithelial cells

Which of the following is a clinical sign associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) infection?

a) Minimal fever

b) Gradual onset of shallow breathing

c) Bloody nasal discharge

d) Productive cough

c) Bloody nasal discharge

What lesion is consistent with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

a) Necrohemorrhagic lungs

b) Normal Lungs

c) Atrophied Turbinates

d) Swollen joints

a) Necrohemorrhagic lungs

Sudden death in pigs is MOST associated with which respiratory disease?

a) Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

b) Bordetella bronchiseptica

c) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

d) PRRSV

c) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Deviation of the snout is a characteristic sign of which disease in pigs?

a) Swine Influenza

b) Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

c) Atrophic Rhinitis

d) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

c) Atrophic Rhinitis

Lesions of atrophic rhinitis are best observed by cutting the snout at which location?

a) Canine tooth

b) 3rd premolar

c) 2nd premolar (1st cheek tooth)

d) Incisor

c) 2nd premolar (1st cheek tooth)

A pig raised outdoors is coughing and not responding to antibiotics. Which parasite should be suspected?

a) Trichuris suis

b) Oesophagostomum

c) Ascaris suum

d) Hyostrongylus rubidus

c) Ascaris suum

A swine farm is experiencing a respiratory disease outbreak. What is the first step in controlling the disease?

a) Immediately administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic

b) Vaccinate all pigs

c) Identify and address environmental factors like ventilation and temperature

d) Depopulate the farm

c) Identify and address environmental factors like ventilation and temperature

When treating bacterial respiratory infections in pigs, what is an important consideration regarding antimicrobials?

a) Always use the same antimicrobial to prevent resistance

b) Only administer antimicrobials orally

c) Withdrawal times

d) Never use antimicrobials in pigs

c) Withdrawal times