Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism (official)

Confucius

Original founder of Confucianism

Han Fei

Founder of Legalism

Warring States Period

Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos.

Filial Piety (Confucianism)

a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors

keju (exam system)

used by Confucianists in China as a merit system and created a way for people to move up socially.

Confucianism's view of morality

is greater than the law. If the law contradicts ethics, it was better to break the law due to good morals.

Ancestor Worship and honor in Confucianism

Is central to Confucius teachings.

Friend-Friend

only equal relationship in Confucianism

Peasants are seen as second class citizens

due to their impact in Chinese society

Analects

a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples

Ren

An attitude of kindness and benevolence or a sense of humanity for Confucianism.

Yi

honesty, uprightness

Zhong

doing one's best

Shu

consideration of others

Li

good manners, politeness, ceremony, or worship

Which philosophy was considered purely political?

Legalism

Which dynasty adopted Legalism?

Qin Dynasty

Humans according to Legalism are...

Selfish, immoral

According to Legalism, the way to achieve order was to

Obey strict, harsh laws despite morals

Intellectualism and literacy according to Han Fei is

a distraction or opportunity to turn people from the law. Books must be burned or thrown and arrest intellectuals.

Yin and Yang

In Daoist belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. One is associated with masculine, light, and active qualities while the other with feminine, dark, and passive qualities.

Yin

Earth, darkness, and female forces

Yang

Heaven, light, and male forces

Te (Daoism)

Awareness of Dao

Dao

way

Tai Chi

a Chinese system of slow meditative physical exercise designed for relaxation and balance and health

chi

cosmic energy